Term
|
Definition
| affects baroreceptor fsn, limits reflex bradycardia |
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Term
|
Definition
| released from atria in response to inc volume; relaxes vascular smooth mm via cGMP, causing inc GFR, dec renin |
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Term
|
Definition
| regulates osmolarity, responds to low blood volume |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
- vascular smooth mm -> vasocontriction -> inc BP
- constricts efferent arteriole -> inc GFR
- stimulates aldost
- stimulates ADH
- inc prox tubule N/H -> H2O reabsorption
- stimulates hypothalamus -> thirst |
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Term
|
Definition
| inc H2O channel in principal cells |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| inc Na channel, Na/K pump into principal cells; enhances K and H excretion -> creates favorable Na gradient for Na and H2O resorption |
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|
Term
| what stimulates renin release? |
|
Definition
| dec BP, dec Na, inc sympathetic (beta-1) |
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|
Term
| relation of renal artery to vein |
|
Definition
| artery runs behind the vein |
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Term
|
Definition
| pass under uterine artery and under ductus deferens |
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Term
| % body weight of total body water, ICF and ECF |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
separation of:
- total body water
- ECF |
|
Definition
- 1/3 extracell and 2/3 intracell
- 1/4 plasma and 3/4 interstitial |
|
|
Term
| composition of glomerular filtration barrier |
|
Definition
| fenestrated capillary endothelium, fused basement membrane ,epithelial layer of podocyte foot processes |
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|
Term
| what gives glomerular BM negative charge? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| renal clearance calculation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
= Uinulin x V / Pinulin
= Kf [(Pgc - Pbs) (Pigc - Pi bs)] |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| filtration fraction equation |
|
Definition
| GFR/RPF; normally around 20% |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| GFR x plasma concentration |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
effect on 1) RPF 2) GFR 3) FF with:
- afferent arteriole constriction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
effect on 1) RPF 2) GFR 3) FF with:
- efferent arteriole constriction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
effect on 1) RPF 2) GFR 3) FF with:
- inc plasma protein concentration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
effect on 1) RPF 2) GFR 3) FF with:
- dec plasma protein concentration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
effect on 1) RPF 2) GFR 3) FF with:
- constriction of ureter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
effect on 1) RPF 2) GFR 3) FF with:
- NSAIDS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
effect on 1) RPF 2) GFR 3) FF with:
- ACEI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
glucose clearance
- threshold
- Tmax |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sodium dependent transporters in prox tubule reabsorb amino acids by at least 2 carriers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deficiency of neutral amino acid transporters -> pellagra |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reabsorb almost all glucose nd AA, most of bicarb, chloride and water |
|
|
Term
| PTH action on proximal tubule |
|
Definition
| inhibits Na/phosphate cotransport -> phosphate excretion |
|
|
Term
| ATII action on proximal tubule |
|
Definition
| stimulates Na/H exchange -> inc Na and H2O reabsorption |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reabsorbs water via medullary hypertonicity; concentrating segment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acively reabsorbs Na, K and Cl and indirectly induces the paracellular reabsorption of Mg and Ca; impermeable to water; |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reabsorbs Na, Cl; diluting segment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inc Ca/Na exchange -> ca reabsorption |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reabsorb Na in exchange for sereting K and H |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| macula densa senses Na; JG cells secrete renin in response to dec renal blood pressure, dec Na delivery to distal tubule and inc sympathetic tone (beta1) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| endothelial cells of peritubular capillaries |
|
|
Term
| 1,25-OHD conversion location |
|
Definition
| proximal tubule via 1alpha-hydroxylase |
|
|
Term
| activation of 1alpha-hydroxylase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| paracrine secretion vasodilates afferent arterioles to Inc GFR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| causes inc GFR and inc Na filtration with no compensatory Na reabsorption in distal nephron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| insulin deficiency, beta-adrenergic antagonists, acidosis, hyperosmolarity, digitalis, cell lysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| insulin, beta agonists, alkalosis, hypo-osmolarity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disorientation, stupor, coma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| irritability, delirium, coma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2/2 metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia, hypovolemia, inc aldosterone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| U waves on EKG, flat T waves, arrhythmia, paralysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| peaked T waves, wide QRS, arrhythmias |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tetany, neuromuscular irritability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| delirium, renal stones, abdominal pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neuromuscular irritability, arrhythmias |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| delirium, dec DTR, cardiopulmonary arrest |
|
|
Term
| symptoms of: dec phosphate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| symptoms of: high phosphate |
|
Definition
| real stones, metastatic calcifications |
|
|
Term
levels of 1) pH 2) Pco2 and 3) HCO2 in:
- metabolic acidosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
levels of 1) pH 2) Pco2 and 3) HCO2 in:
- metabolic alkalosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
levels of 1) pH 2) Pco2 and 3) HCO2 in:
- respiratory acidosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
levels of 1) pH 2) Pco2 and 3) HCO2 in:
- respiratory alkalosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pco2 = 1.5 (HCO3) + 8 =/2 2
corrects for respiratory compensation in response to metabolic acidosis |
|
|
Term
causes of:
respiratory acidosis |
|
Definition
| hypoventilation = airway obstruction, acute lung disease, chronic lung disease, opioids, narcotics, sedatives, weaking of respiratory mm |
|
|
Term
causes of:
- anion gap acidosis |
|
Definition
| methanol, uremia, DKA, paraldehyde, phenformin, iron tablets, INH, lactic acidosis, ethylene glycol, salicylates |
|
|
Term
causes of:
- normal gap acidosis |
|
Definition
- hyperalimentation
- addisons
- renal tubular acidosis
- diarrhea
- acetazolamide
- spironolactone
- saline infusion
- glue sniffing
- hyperchloremia |
|
|
Term
causes of:
- respiratory alkalosis |
|
Definition
| hyperventilation, ASA ingestion |
|
|
Term
| causes of: metabolic alkalosis |
|
Definition
| diuretic use, vomiting, antacid use, hyperaldosteronism, dehydration |
|
|
Term
| type I renal tubular acidosis |
|
Definition
| dffect in collecting tubules ability to excrete H; with hypokalemia and Ca kidney stones |
|
|
Term
| type II renal tubular acidosis |
|
Definition
| defect in proximal tubule HCO3 reabsorption; with hypokalemia and rickets |
|
|
Term
| type IV renal tubular acidosis |
|
Definition
| hypoaldosteronism or lack of CT response to aldosterone; with hyperkalemia and inhibition of ammonium excretion; dec urine pH b/c dec buffering capacity |
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