Term
| What are the 5 functions of the respiratory system? |
|
Definition
-gas exchange
-regulating blood pH
-regulating temperature
-producing sounds
-sense of smell (receptors in nasal epithelium) |
|
|
Term
| How does the respiratory system regulate blood pH? |
|
Definition
| altering CO2 levels by changing the rate of respiration & volume of air taken in |
|
|
Term
| What tissues are involved in the respiratory system? |
|
Definition
| nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 types of respiration? What is the difference between the two? |
|
Definition
External: ventilation of lungs & gas exchange between lungs and blood
Internal: Gas exchange between capillaries and tissue cells |
|
|
Term
| What is the importance of filtering & moistening air before it reaches the lungs? |
|
Definition
-prevent hypothermia
-prevent dust, pathogens, foreign material etc from entering the lungs |
|
|
Term
| What structures are involved with getting air into the lungs? |
|
Definition
| nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles |
|
|
Term
| What structures are involved with gas exchange in the lungs? |
|
Definition
| Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli |
|
|
Term
| What is the composition & function of mucus? |
|
Definition
-made of water & glycoproteins
-lubricates tissue in the respiratory tract
-traps foreign particles
-contains enzymes & antibodies to defend against pathogens |
|
|
Term
| What separates the left & right nares? What is this structure made of? |
|
Definition
median nasal septum
cartilage |
|
|
Term
| What lines the nasal passages and what is the function of this lining? |
|
Definition
Ciliated epithelium
-cilia push mucus & trapped debris up & out of the nasal passages, to the pharynx, where it will be swallowed |
|
|
Term
| What is the name for the air pathways formed by nasal conchae (turbinates)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name for the scroll-like structures found within the nasal cavity |
|
Definition
| Nasal conchae or turbinates |
|
|
Term
| How would you describe the location of the nasal passages |
|
Definition
| Between the nostrils & the pharynx |
|
|
Term
| What structure separates the nasal cavity from the mouth? |
|
Definition
| Roof of the mouth (hard & soft palate) |
|
|
Term
| What is the soft palate composed of? |
|
Definition
| muscle fibers embedded in the mucus membrane |
|
|
Term
True or False
The hard palate is made up of bones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What connects the mouth & nasal cavity to the larynx & esophagus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What prevents food particles from entering the trachea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The respiratory system starts ________ and ends _______ while the digestive system stars ________ and ends _________ |
|
Definition
dorsal...ventral
ventral.....dorsal |
|
|
Term
| Describe the composition of the larynx |
|
Definition
| Segments of cartilage connected by muscle |
|
|
Term
| What is the name for the caudal region of the larynx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the larynx? |
|
Definition
-keep food out of respiratory tract
-includes voice box for making sounds
-includes glottis to control air flow to/from lungs |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the cartilaginous rings in the trachea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
The trachea is made of complete C-shaped cartilage rings |
|
Definition
False
The rings are incomplete at the dorsal region |
|
|
Term
True or False
The trachea has a ciliated epithelium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do the cilia in the trachea sweep in a direction opposite to the nasal passages? |
|
Definition
| So that mucus & debris is not swept into the lungs |
|
|
Term
| As the amount of bronchial branching increases the amount of cartilage _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the bronchial tree |
|
Definition
| Trachea -> L&R bronchi -> secondary & tertiary bronchi -> terminal bronchioles -> alveolar ducts -> alveolar sacs -> alveoli |
|
|
Term
| What are the smallest passageways in the respiratory system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term for groups of alveoli |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the functional unit for gas exchange? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What keeps the alveoli from collapsing? |
|
Definition
| fluid containing surfactant to reduce surface tension |
|
|
Term
| How is O2 and CO2 able to freely diffuse between air and blood? |
|
Definition
| alveoli & capillaries are very thin-walled structures |
|
|
Term
| Describe the typical flow of oxygen during gas exchange between alveoli & blood, until it reaches the heart |
|
Definition
| alveolus -> alveolar capillary -> pulmonary venule -> veins -> pulmonary veins -> heart |
|
|
Term
| Where does the CO2 come from and what happens to it during respiration? |
|
Definition
-comes from pulmonary arterioles
-is exhaled |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. epiglottis
2. larynx
3. trachea
4. bronchus (left)
5. brionchiole tree
6. lung (left)
7. alveolar duct
8. lung (right)
9. alveolus
10. alveolar sacs |
|
|
Term
True or False
Alveoli are involved with air conduction |
|
Definition
|
|
