Term
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Definition
Flexible mucosal tube
Contracted smooth muscles
lined with ciliated epithelia
16-20 hyaline cartilage rings |
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Term
| Generations of branching: |
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Definition
Trachea
Bronchi
Secondary (Lobular) Bronchi (serves lungs)
Tertiary Bronchi (serves lobes)
Bronchiole
terminal bronchioles
respritory bronchioles
terminal respritory bronchioles
aveolar duct
alveoli |
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Term
| 1 portion of a continuous plural sac (pleurae) within the thorax contains: |
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Definition
heart
esophagu
lymph nodes
phrenic nerve
blood vesicles |
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Term
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Definition
(from top clockwise)
Apical
Costal
Parietal
Diaphragmatic
Mediastinal
Visceral |
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Term
| Role of Respiratory System in Protection |
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Definition
Nostril hairs
Mucosa
Ciliated epithelia
Lymphatic system
Warm air |
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Term
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Definition
Pollutants destroy tracheal epithelia
Waste products collect in alveoli
Alveoli degenerate
Decreased surface area
Barrel chest
Reduced diaphragm contraction
Increase susceptibility to respiratory disease |
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Term
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Definition
| collection of axons in the PNS |
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Term
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Definition
Diaphragm
External intercostals
Internal intercostals
Levator costarum
Serratus posterior superior |
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Term
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Definition
Sternocleidomastoid
Scalenus
Trapezius |
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Term
| Muscles of the Thorax, back and upper limb |
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Definition
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
Subclavius
Levator scapulae
Rhomboideus major
Rhomboideus minor |
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Term
| Attachment Points of the Diaphragm |
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Definition
Sternal Head
Costal Head
Vertebral Head |
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Term
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Definition
Origen: Xiphoid process
Insertion: sup-medial to central tendon
Innervation: Phrenic nerve from C3-C5 cervical plexus
Function: depress central tendon, enlarge thorax |
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Term
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Definition
Origen: inferior margin of ribs 7-12
Insertion: sup-medial to central tendon
Innervation: Phrenic nerve from C3-C5 cervical plexus
Function: depress central tendon, enlarge thorax |
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Term
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Definition
Origen: corpus of L1, transverse process of L1-L5
Insertion: sup-medial to central tendon
Innervation: Phrenic nerve from C3-C5 cervical plexus
Function: depress central tendon, enlarge thorax |
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Term
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Definition
Origen: inf. surface of ribs
Insertion: infer. - ant. on immediately inferior rib
Innervation: Intercostal nerves originating from T2-T11
Function: elevate ribs |
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Term
| Interchondral (parasternal) portion of the Internal intercostal |
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Definition
Origen: inf. surface of ribs
Insertion: inf. -lateral on immediately inferior rib
Innervation: Intercostal nerves originating from T2-T11
Function: elevate ribs |
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Term
| Levatores Costarum Brevis |
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Definition
Origen: transverse process of C7-T11
Insertion: Obliquely inferior-lateral to the immediate rib
Innervation: T2-T3 intercostal nerves
Function: elevate ribs 1-2 |
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Term
| Levatores Costarum Longis |
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Definition
Origen: transverse process of T7-T10
Insertion: Obliquely inferior-lateral to the subsequent rib
Innervation:T2-T3 intercostal nerves
Function: elevate ribs 9-12 |
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Term
| Serratus Posterior Superior |
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Definition
Origen: Spinous process of C7, T1-T3
Insertion: inferior-laterally to ribs 2-5
Innervation: Intercostal portion of Spinal nerves T1-T4 or T5
Function: elevate ribs 2-5 |
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Term
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Definition
Origen: Mastoid process of the temporal bone
Insertion: inferior-medially to the sternum and clavicle
Innervation: CN XI (assessory) arising from C2-C4
Function: elevate sternum/ribs |
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Term
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Definition
Origen: transverse process of C3-C6
Insertion: inferiorly to rib 1
Innervation: Spinal nerves C4-C6
Function: elevate rib1 |
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Term
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Definition
Origen: transverse process of C2-C7
Insertion: inferiorly to rib1
Innervation: Cervical plexus C3-C4, Spinal nerves C5-C8
Function: elevate rib 1 |
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Term
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Definition
Origen: transverse process of C5-C7
Insertion: inferiorily to rib2
Innervation: Spinal nerves C5-C8
Function: elevate rib 2 |
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Term
| Anterior Inspiratory Muscles |
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Definition
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
Subclavius |
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Term
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Definition
Origen: sternum, clavicle
Insertion: lateral to humerus
Innervation: Brachial plexus C4-C7, T1
Function: elevates sternum |
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Term
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Definition
Origen: chondral border of ribs 2-5
Insertion: superior laterally to scapula
Innervation: Brachial plexus C4-C7, T1
Function: elevates ribcage |
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Term
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Definition
Origen: ribs 1-9, lateral surface of thorax
Insertion: superior-dorsally to scapula
Innervation: Brachial Plexus C5-C7
Function: Elevates ribs 1-9 |
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Term
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Definition
Origen: clavicle
Insertion: inferior medially to chondral margin of rib 1
Innervation: Brachial Plexus C5, C6
Function: elevates rib 1 |
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Term
| Posterior Inspiratory Muscles |
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Definition
Levator scapulae
Rhomboideus Major
Rhomboideus Minor
Trapezius |
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Term
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Definition
Origen: transverse process of C1-C4
Insertion: inferior-laterally to scapula
Innervation: Cervical plexus C3-C5
Function: elevates scapula |
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Term
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Definition
Origen: spinous process of C2-T12
Insertion: lateral to scapula and clavicle
Innervation: XI assessory
Function: elongates neck |
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Term
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Definition
Origen: spinous process of T2-T5
Insertion: Inferior-laterally to scapula
Innervation: Brachial plexus C5
Function: stabilizes pectoral girdle |
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Term
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Definition
Origen: spinous process of C7 & T1
Insertion: Inferior-laterally to scapula
Innervation: Brachial plexus C5
Function: stabilized pectoral girdle |
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Term
| Muscles of Forced Expiration |
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Definition
Muscles of the Thorax, back and upper limb
Anterior
Internal intercostal
Transversus thoracis
Innermost intercostal
Posterior
Subcostal
Serratus posterior inferior
Latissimus dorsi
Abdominal Muscles
Anteriorlateral
Internal oblique abdominis
External oblique abdominis
Rectus abdominis
Posterior
Quadratus lumborum |
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Term
| Internal Intercostal, interosseos portion |
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Definition
Origen: ribs 1-11
Insertion: inferior-laterally to immediate rib
Innervation: Intercostal Nerves, T2-T11
Function: Depress ribs 1-11 |
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Term
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Definition
Origen: sternum
Insertion: laterally to chondral surface of ribs 2-6
Innervation: Intercostal nerve derived from T2-T12
Function: Depress rib cage |
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Term
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Definition
Origen: ribs 1-11
Insertion: inferior-laterally to immediate rib
Innervation: Intercostal nerves arising from T2-T11
Function: depress ribs 1-11 |
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Term
| Serratus posterior inferior |
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Definition
Origen: spinous process of T11, T12, L1-L3
Insertion: superior laterally to ribs 7-12
Innervation: intercostal nerves from T9-T11, subcostal from T12
Function: depress rib cage |
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Term
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Definition
Origen: posterior rib
Insertion: inferior medial to 2nd or 3rd preceding rib
Innervation: Intercostal nerves
Function: Depress Thorax |
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Term
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Definition
Origen: posterior thoracolumbar fascia of abdominal aponeurosis
Insertion: lateral to ribs 6-12, transverse abdominal aponeurosis, pubis
Innervation: spinal intercostal, T7-T12
Function: compress abdomen |
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Term
| Internal oblique abdominis |
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Definition
Origen: inguinal ligament and iliac crest
Insertion: fans medially to lower ribs, abdominal aponeurosis
Innervation: spinal intercostal, T7-T12
Function: trunk rotation |
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Term
| External oblique abdominis |
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Definition
Origen: lower 7 ribs
Insertion: fans inferiorly to iliac crest, inguinal ligament, abdominal aponeurosis
Innervation: T7-T12
Function: trunk rotation (unilateral contraction), vertebral extension (bilateral contraction) |
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Term
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Definition
Origen: pubis
Insertion: superiorly to xiphoid process, chondral portion if ribs 5-7
Innervation: intercostal nerves, T7-T11
Function: Flexion of vertebral column |
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Term
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Definition
Origen: iliac crest
Insertion: fans superior-medially to transverse process of lumbar vertebrae and rib 12
Innervation: T12, L1-4
Function: stabilizes posterior abdominal wall for expiration |
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Term
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Definition
Origen: sacral, Lumbar, lower thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: fans superior-laterally to humorous
Innervation: Brachial plexus, C6-C8
Function: stabilizes posterior abdominal wall for expiration |
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