Term
| What are the components of the upper respiratory tract and where are they generally located? |
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Definition
nasal cavity, nasal pharynx, oral cavity, oral pharynx
All are located above the glottis/vocal folds which lies within the larynx |
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Term
| What constitutes the lower respirttory system? |
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Definition
| larynx/glottis, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli |
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Term
| What is respiratory epithelium made of and what does it cover? |
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Definition
made of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
covers entire respirtatory tract excluding oral cavity and oral pharynx and alveoli air sacs |
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Term
| Where are mucus glands located that make mucus layer for respiroty epithelium? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the process of trapping dust particles druing inspirtation |
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Definition
dust particles get trapped in mucus layer
cilia move them towards oral pharynx to be swallowed
URS:down and backward
LRS: upward |
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Term
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Definition
URI:
uncomfortable; easier to control;open to environment at both ends
LRI:
can turn life threatening easily; blind end passages so nothing can escape |
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Term
| describe the pathway taken by the air in the respiratory system |
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Definition
| nasal/oral cavity, nasal/oral pharynx, larynx, glottis, trachea, right/left bronchus, bronchi, bronchioles (0.5 mm smaller), repiratory bronchioles, alveoli |
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Term
| what are some of the features of the glottis? |
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Definition
right and left rims make vocal folds
involed in making vocal sounds (rim vibrates)
close: not breathing
open: cough/breathe deeply |
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Term
| what do the trachea and bronchi have in their walls and why? |
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Definition
cartilage
prevents collapsing under external pressure |
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Term
| describe the bronchioles walls and features of their constriction |
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Definition
the walls do not contain catrilage
only smooth muscle for opening and closing
when constricting abnormally, increase air flow resistance=asthma |
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Term
| What are the medications called that help treat asthma? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do stretch receptors do? |
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Definition
| signal when enough air has been breathed in and then out |
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Term
| what does the Hering Breuer reflex do? |
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Definition
controlls reflex tidal breathing
is adjustable; |
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Term
| When is Cheyne Stokes breathing occuring and what is its description |
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Definition
damage to the brian stem
respiration is poorly controlled |
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Term
| compare inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume |
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Definition
IRV: more air breathed in with extra effort after full breath
lift rib cage lower diaphragm
ERV: more air breathed out with extra effort after full breath
lower rib cage lift diaphragm |
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Term
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Definition
| the normal in and out flow of air during quiet respiration |
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Term
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Definition
| combination of tidal volume, IRV, and ERV |
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Term
| what is the normal vital capacity in an adult |
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Definition
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Term
| dyspnea and it characteristic |
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Definition
difficulty breathing
loss of IRV and ERV, bringing vital capacity down to the tidal volume |
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Term
apnea
central apnea
obstructive apnea
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Definition
absence of breathing
CA: in infants sleep apnea can cause SIDs
OA: adult sleep apnea collapse of phayngeal walls and base of tongue |
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Term
| when does hb saturate and dissociate itself from oxygen |
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Definition
nearly saturates: 60 mm Hg (travels thru capillaries)
dissociate: 40 mm Hg and below (delivers to tissue) |
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Term
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Definition
| secrete material that breaks down the surface tension of the water in the layer of water that coats innter surface of lung alveoli |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
increase in ventilatory depth and frequency that normally accompanies and increase in respiratory demand
causes dyspnea |
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Term
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Definition
resistance: force making it harder to breathe
increased resistance = decreased compliance and vise versa |
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Term
| what are inhalation disorders |
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Definition
| dysfunctions of the air passages and lung tissues that are caused by substances in the inhaled air |
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Term
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Definition
| accumulation of dust particles in the alveoli in the stroma and in the lymph nodes into which the lung's lymphatic vessels drain |
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Term
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Definition
| advanced stage lung tissue damage, created by chronic disease, chronic exposure to irritants, etc |
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Term
what kind of cancer is in these areas
lining of epithelial cells
mucous glands
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Definition
lining: squamous cell carcinoma
glands: adenocarcinoma |
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