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RF Technologies
Spread Spectrum Technologies
37
Other
Professional
01/21/2007

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Term
What is Spread spectrum?
Definition
Communication technique that spreads a narrowband communication signal over a wide range of frequencies for transmission, and then de-spreads it into the original data bandwidth at the receiver.
Term
What is Narrowband Transmission?
Definition
Technology that uses only enough of the frequency spectrum to carry the data signal, and no more.
Term
Noise Floor?
Definition
The Background level of RF noise.
Term
Signal to Noise Ratio:
Definition
Power level of the Narrowband signal relative to the power-level of the Noise-floor.
Expressed in dB.
Term
True/False:
Definition
Because Narrowband signal use such a small frequency range, they can be jammed or experience interference easily. True
Term
Jamming is:
Definition
Intentional overpowering of an intended transmission by transmitting unwanted signals in the same frequency range.
Term
True/False:
Definition
The FCC DOES NOT require licenses for all narrowband transmitters. False
Term
True/False:
Definition
Spread Spectrum uses 'wide-frequency' range at 'low power-levels'. TRUE
Term
True/False:
Definition
In multi-path environments the main cause interference is 'inter-symbol interference'. TRUE
Term
Which 802.11X standard was the first to use OFDM?
Definition
802.11a
Term
802.11a operates in which GHz UNII band?
Definition
5 GHz
Term
True/False: OFDM is a spread-spectrum technology?
Definition
False. Is actually FHSS but has functionality of DHSS.
Term
FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum):
Definition
A spread spectrum technique that uses frequency agility to spread the data over more than 83 MHz.
Term
True/False:
Definition
IEEE usually specifies slightly more conservative frequency ranges than the FCC allows. TRUE
Term
Dwell Time:
Definition
Time that FHSS systems must transmit (dwell) on a specified frequency for a time then 'hop' to a different frequency to continue transmitting.
Term
Hop time:
Definition
Small amount of time between frequency changes of FHSS.
Term
True/False:
Definition
During FHSS, the process of changing to the new frequency must be complete before transmission can resume. TRUE
Term
True/False:
Definition
Hop time is treated as 'overhead' since no transmission occurs during that time period. TRUE
Term
Processing Gain
Definition
The process of 'adding redundant information' the the data.
Term
Barker Sequence
Definition
PN code XOR'd to the data-stream bit (fixed length).
Term
Phase Shift Keying (PSK):
Definition
When wireless networks represent information by manipulating the 'phase' of the signal.
Term
Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK):
Definition
A specific type of PSK; encodes information by advancing the phase of the signal by some number of degrees.
Term
True/False:
Definition
Since phase shift represents two chips instead of one, DQPSK has twice the data rate DBPSK at the same signaling rate. TRUE
Term
What are the data rates represented by DPSK/DPBSK/DQPSK?
Definition
1 and 2 Mbps in 802.11b
Term
True/False:
Definition
Complimentary Code Keying (CCK) uses an 8-chip PN code. TRUE
Term
What are the data rates represented by CCK?
Definition
5.5 and 11 Mbps.
Term
True/False:
Definition
CCK allows for more data to be squeezed into the transmission channel while the chipping rate stays the same. TRUE
Term
True/False:
Definition
CCK uses the same PN code for every bit sequence. FALSE
Term
Modulation
Definition
Refers to characteristic of the RF signal that is manipulated in order to represent data.
Term
Encoding
Definition
Refers to the way in which the changes in the signal are translated into 'ones' and 'zero's'.
Term
OFDM:
Definition
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
Term
What data rates are provided with OFDM?
Definition
Up to 54 Mbps in 802.11a and 802.11g
Term
True/False:
Definition
Does NOT offer the highest data rates and maximum resistance to interference and corruption of all the signal manipulation techniques in use today. FALSE
Term
How does OFDM work:
Definition
Achieves high data rates by squeezing a large number of communication channels into a given frequency band.
Term
Convolution Coding
Definition
Mathematical technique used to increase OFDM's resistance to narrowband interference.
Term
True/False:
Definition
Convolution Coding is a form a 'error' correction in which redundant information analogous to a parity-bit file system is added to the data. TRUE
Term
There are three 5GHz UNII bands in OFDM.
They are:
Definition
High (UNII-3)
Middle (UNII-2)
Low (UNII-1)
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