Term
| Shrubs trap nutrient rich sediments and shrub seeds which leads to increases in shurbs and so on. What is this an example of? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which livestock were sold/traded for grain and condiments? |
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Definition
| cattle, sheep, goats, and camels |
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Term
| What products were aquired for animals in the flows of energy chart? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the total energy expended to aquire these products from the energy flow chart? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the energy gain from pastoral foods? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the energy gain from nonpastoral foods? |
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Definition
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Term
| From the livestock perspective what component of the plant community is primarly being used? |
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Definition
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Term
| From the human perspective what component of the plant community is being directly used? |
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Definition
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Term
| For what purpose do humans directly use shrubs and trees? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the energy flow chart is it mainly beef, dairy or blood operation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ecological restoration is best defined as? |
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Definition
| Process and aiding the recovery of a degraded, damaged, or destroyed ecosystem |
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Term
| What are the goals of ecological restoration? |
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Definition
1. To achieve sustainable resillient and interconnected ecosystems
2. To provide good and services to humans
3. To proved habitat and well-being for non-human species
4. All the above |
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Term
| Which of the following statements are true about applying ecological restoration? |
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Definition
| ecological restoration attempts to return an ecosystem to its historic trajectory |
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Term
| Which of the following are key factors for assisting the recovery of natural ecosystems? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is not a principle for restoring autogenic sucession in disturbed ecosystems? |
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Definition
| Plant only native species to accelerate the recovery process. |
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Term
| Which statement is true about ecological restoration? |
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Definition
| Ecosystems subjected to severe disturbance may have limited capacity for self repair |
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Term
| In the example of tiger bush in Niger, what are the underlying problems for degration? |
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Definition
| Human population related increase in demand for fuel wood and grazing resources which led to reduction to shrubs, increase runoff and increase soil erosion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Solar radiation trapped by green house gasses. |
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Term
| What are the green house gasses? |
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Definition
1. N2
2. CH4
3. N2O
4. CO2 |
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Term
| What is the sourse of 2000 year data of green house gasses? |
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Definition
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Term
| What primarly causes the annual cycle called the keeling curve? |
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Definition
| respiration and photosynthesis of soils |
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Term
| Which of the following are predictions of the effects of global warming on drylands? |
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Definition
1. Decrease in nitrogen content in forbes species.
2. Increased production of woody enroachment, C4 plants
3. Longer growning season
4. Increased winter precipation
5. More droughts in the SW |
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Term
| Which of the following are predictions of the effects of global warming in Texas drylands? |
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Definition
1. Precipation; drier
2. Temp; warmer |
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Term
| What are the dominant trends in Texas and New Mexico? |
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Definition
| Increasing and Decreasing |
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Term
| The figure shows that elevated CO2 causes forage nitrogen to ______ which will _______ the protein content of dryland forages and lead to ______ animal weight gain for market. |
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Definition
| Decrease, decrease and lower |
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Term
| The following statements are true about grazing capacity. |
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Definition
1. Grazing capacity is the average number of animals grazing lands will sustain a long term.
2. A combo of grazing capacity uitilozation ecological condition and trend info is needed for sound range mgnt decisions. |
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Term
| What is stocking rate best defind as? |
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Definition
| The amount allocated to each animal unit for the grazable period of the year. |
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Term
| What is the best definition for forage demand measures? |
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Definition
1. An animal unit is defined as a mature cow weighing about 1000 lb which may have a calf at 6 mths old.
2. An animal unit equivelent is the ratio of forage required by a particular species. |
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Term
| Which are the best statements about forage utilization by grazing animals? |
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Definition
1.Harvest efficiency is a measure of the degree to which grazing or browsing animals consume the forage or browse avaible to them.
2. High-weight conversion method |
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Term
| What are the most true statements about the effects of stocking rate? |
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Definition
1. Production of beef peracre is calculated by x the production animal per unit (pounds of beef produced per AU) and the stocking rate (AU/acre)
2. The stocking rate where profit is maximized lies between the stocking rates where weight gain per animal and production per acre are maxed. |
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Term
| What are the best statements about optimal levels of stocking rate? |
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Definition
1. moderate stocking has been found to give higher net, economic returns, then heavy stocking.
2. light to moderate stocking rates result in more vigirous plants lower risk of running out of forage.
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Term
| The stocking rate that produces the max animal production per acre is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Grazing mgnt based on heavy stocking rates results in what? |
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Definition
1. Reduced amounts of both live plant cover and plant litter.
2. reduce soil organic matter, infiltration, and soil moisture. |
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