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PORTICUS AMEILIA
second century BC
Romans
Rome
Perfect example of the roman use of concret as well as their vaults and vaulting system (arches)
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CITY PLAN IF POMPEII
buried in 79 CE
Roman
Pompeii
Had a wall that enclosed 9 sectors betweent the volcano and the sea. Had a main north-south avenue that began at the vesuvious gate and was intersected by a main east-west ave that passed through the forum Area. Both streets were paved. the roman expansion of the city happened around the 1st century BC when it became a colony for veterns.
Include
-Northern Veduvius gate
-Resivoir with water from the hills brought in by the aquadcicts
-Villae Urbanae just outside the gate
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THE FORUM
buried in 79 CE, Created 1st century BC?
Roman
Pompeii
Was an elongated open space lined with 2 story colonnades, doric below and Ionic above. Statues of promonate persons stood in front of the colonnades. The forum was closed to wheeled traffic and was free of commercial buisness except on market day. The temple of Jupited stood on the northern end with the temple to Apollo and the basillica to the west. obvioulsy modeled after the Hellenistic Agora.
Two differences from the Agora:
-Strong sense of axil organization (axil progression)
- Had an insistence on total enclousure
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HOUSE OF MENANDER
late 5th century BC
Roman
Pompeii
Had a main room calle dthe tablinum which leads to the garden with a peristyle. looking throught the door you could see throught the atrium to the peristyle garden in the back. Brought Nature indoors. Walls were stuccoed and painted. |
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HOUSE OF FAUN
second century BC
Roman
Pompeii
Axil progression:Atrium, Tablium, peristyle, exedre, and peristyle. |
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AMPHITHEATER
1st century
Roman
Pompeii
Place for gladitorial combate and Venationes. Roman invention, 2 greek theaters back to back. Vaulted corridors lead directly into the arena. Crowds reached their seats by the means of a covered passageway. Had subterranean chambers below to house animals and warriors. Seats rested on vaulted substructures. Ususally on the edge of town because of its size imprints of the roman repuplic. |
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COLOSSEUM
dedicated 80 CE
Roman
Rome
Has 80 arches around the girth. Could take in 50,000 spectators who came in 2 corridors. 3 storeys of stairs into the different levels the cavea. was comisiioned by the Flavian emperor. |
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Trajan's market
100-112 CE
Roman
Rome
The largest and most resplendent forum in the thick of old Rome. It was a multileveled, intricate facility steeply terraced on the slop of Quirinal hill. facing the center of town. Three storeys of shops, vaulted, were fitted into a semi circlar exedra, a concave facade. |
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HADRIN"S VILLA
117-148 BC
Roman
Tivoli
A stoic epcurean emperor. He built a mini rome in Tivoli. It is ultimatly an expansion of the villa type. Previously the city engulfed the villa but here the villa engulfs the space and the forms of the city. Mini-Rome in Tivoli. Understanding of architecture through travel. lacks coheision |
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are a large body of texts originating in Ancient India. They form the oldest layer of Sanskirt liturature and the oldest sacred texts of Hinduism. Translated it is a collection of knowledge. For them liturary influences were stronger than material influences. passed down orall until written.
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| the first tangible evidence of Buddhism. The edicts of Ashoka tend to focus on social and moral precepts rather than religious practices. Made by emperor Ashoka. collection of 33 inscriptions on the Pillars of Ashoka, as well as boulders and cave walls. |
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The axis of the universe. Understanding the universe abd movement towards transendence. It is considered to be the center of all the physical, metaphysical and spiritual universes.
Angkor Wat symbolic representation of the moutain |
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| Extends the logic of the axis mundi... |
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| A tradition in Japaness houses. An alcove provided a special place of art objects. Origins in buddhist monestaries. closely linked to the love of nature and art |
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| Column between 2 (sometimes a branch) recesss create asymmetry between tokonoma and tokowat. Brings nature insdide. scared in the domestic |
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| An offering to the dead in Mexico. spirtis and scared in the secular world. Celebrates the lives of deceased loved ones on dia de los muertos in Mexico. |
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| The living celebrate the lives of deceased loved ones. Use ofrendas. occurs from october 31st to november 2nd |
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In ancient Cambodia, the cult of the “god-king.” cinstructed for king or diety, confusion. ongoing question.
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| A group of serpent deities in Hindu and Buddhist mythology. Specifically the king Cobra. |
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Turn of the century American city planning movement based on French academic principles axiality, monumentality, and bilateral symmetry.
Ex Washington DC, the mall area |
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WORLD FAIR AT CHICAGO
1893
Bozarts
Chicago
aka world columbian exposure. chcago was a buding idustrial city. Catch up and prove worth against East and Europe. improve status. City beautiful movement. buildings are all white to show unity, everything was highly regimented. an organized space. Bozart tradition. |
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