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Benedictine Monastery of Saint Martin-du-Canigou | -1001-26 -southern France -Small church which is a double church on top of another -Upper church: covered by three narrow parallel barrel vaults over both aisles and the nave | |
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Monastery of Fontenay—France -12th century -Cloister = square courtyard to the left of the church -Silent places usually for meditation -simply a passage from one side of the complex to another | |
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- Although Romanesque architecture first developed in Italy—first major Romanesque buildings developed in Germany (The Holy Roman Empire) starting with the reign of Otto I the Great (936-73) and through Otto II (973-83)
- Otto I (936-73) called Ottonian period
- Like second Charlemagnes—wanted to revive antique forms and practices
- Mostly cathedrals b/c of alliance with church and emperor
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Mainz Cathedral in Germany - begun 978 dedicated 1009; burned, rebuilt and reconsecrated in 1036
- As you can clearly see, its basic form was inspired by Old Saint Peter's in Rome
- a nave with double aisles, a transept and crossing, and with the apse immediately off the transept.
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St. Michael at Hildesheim - begun c. 1001 and complete by 1033
-rebuilt after WW II in its original form
-constructed outside the city walls with very thick walls making it into a kind of fortress
-plan is a modified basilican plan suggested in the St. Gall
-eastern transept with small apses flanking the main apse but also a western apse connecting to a large chapel-like apse
-the 2nd large apse was prob reserved for the throne when the emperor visited so entrance isn’t on west façade but on south
-interior is simple
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Speyer Cathedral in Germany
-occurred between 1030 and 1065
-church has huge groin-vaulted nave-big open space
-walls of nave look like Roman aqueduct but modeled on Constantine’s basilica at Trier
-use of classical orders
-decoration added by Emperor Henry IV (1050-1106): added capitals to lofty shafts along the nave
-he also added big columnar aedicules to the east wall
-placement of various capitals was to carry meaning in the nave:5 capitals on each side were arranged symmetrically: Corinthian (green) in the center, flanked by two Composite
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| The interior of St. Michael's is very simple and austere, like an Early Christian church in Italy. |
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The first construction period at Speyer Cathedral occurred between 1030 and 1065, Germany |
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Speyer Cathedral The church has a huge, groin-vaulted nave; it is a very big, stout, open space. |
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Speyer Cathedral The walls of the nave look like a Roman aqueduct, but in fact it is clearly modeled on Constantine's basilica at Trier. Speyer Cathedral is interesting for its use of the classical orders. In most of Europe north of the Alps, the orders weren't being used anymore with any systematic knowledge, but here, amid the Ottonian revival, they were. Much of the decoration of this church was added by Emperor Henry IV (1050-1106), who added capitals to lofty engaged shafts along the nave. They aren't very visible in this photo, but the capitals in question are what receive the transverse arches of the main vau |
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Speyer Cathedral -church has huge groin-vaulted nave-big open space
-walls of nave look like Roman aqueduct but modeled on Constantine’s basilica at Trier
-use of classical orders
-decoration added by Emperor Henry IV (1050-1106): added capitals to lofty shafts along the nave
-he also added big columnar aedicules to the east wall
-placement of various capitals was to carry meaning in the nave:5 capitals on each side were arranged symmetrically: Corinthian (green) in the center, flanked by two Composite (blue) except on north side where one is Corinthian then 2 special crown capitals (red) at each end
-southern aedicule has crown capitals but northern has Corinthian
-the crown represent the new German order |
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-Romanesque in France begins
-different in France b/c frnace began rebuilding after the period of invasions in the 10th century
-two important regions for france is Normandy and Burgundy |
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Saint-Philibert in Tournus -950-1120
-burnt by Hungarians so when rebuilding it had a stone vault to prevent from burning again
-still the dumbasses had a wooden nave until 1066
-1066:the nave was given a remarkable crossbarrel vault
-builders chopped barrel vault into segments rotated them 90 degrees and built heavy arches across the nave to carry them
-this lightened the load on the wall [image]
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Journey made by medieval Christians in Spain
-important shrine to St. James but lay in land conquered by Muslims -roads were built for a journey and along the road is many sites to visit -these churches were grand in scale with long nave, aisles and tribune, a wide transcept -had an ambulatory around the apse and a gallery above it with a clerestory |
-today two of the 5 churches are destroyed |
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Ste-Foi at Conques, in France (1052 – 1130) was the first in the series. It was located in an infertile area where the local economy revolved entirely around the pilgrimage route. It is a small church, but the interior is very tall and narrow. |
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| Ste-Foi at Conques, in France (1052 – 1130) Plan |
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Ste-Foi at Conques, in France (1052 – 1130) interior [image] |
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| The portal of Ste-Foi is famous for its sculpted representation of the Last Judgment, which has been so well preserved by its hood that some of the medieval paint still survives. |
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| St-Sernin, Toulouse (1077-c.1100) also conforms to the basic model. |
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St-Sernin, Toulouse (1077-c.1100) also conforms to the basic model |
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| interior of Saint-Sernin, |
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Santiago di Compostela itself also conformed to the basic plan type. It was famous for the richly sculpted portal (right) that greeted you just inside the narthex. |
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| interior of Santiago di Compostela. |
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| Santiago di Compostela itself also conformed to the basic plan type. |
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