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Title: Aerial view of Saint-Sernin, Toulouse
Artist: n/a
Date: 11th century
Medium: architecture
Period: Romanesque
Historical Significance: One of the earliest Romanesque examples of stone vaulting and an example of a pilgrimage church, which features radiating chapels to accomodate pilgrims and clergy that connect to the transept and ambulatory.
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Title: interior of Saint-Sernin, Toulouse
Artist: n/a
Date: 11th century
Medium: architecture
Period: Romanesque
Historical Significance: Features compund piers (which have engaged columns on them) and transverse arches
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Title: Interior of Speyer Cathedral
Artist: n/a
Date: 11th century
Medium: architecture
Period: Romanesque
Historical Significance:Fetaures an alternate-support system in the nave, which continues all the way up into the vaults and the groin vaults are highlighted by the richly molded compund piers.
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Title: Aerial view of Sant'Ambrogio
Artist: n/a
Date: late 11th century
Medium: architecture
Period: Romanesque
Historical Significance: While Sant'Ambrogio includes a low octagonal tower reminiscent of Ottonian cross towers, it's atrium and low, broad proportions recall Early Christian basilicas. Although it has two campaniles, Sant'Ambrogio does not make use of height in the same way that northern churches do, but rather stays close to the early basilica form, showing the regional differences among ROmanesque architecture.
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Title: Aerial view of Sant'Ambrogio
Artist: n/a
Date: 12th century
Medium: architecture
Period: Romanesque
Historical Significance: The groin vaults of Saint-Etienne are made up of multiple ribs that branch out to divide the vault compartments into six parts, making them sexpartite vaults. This technique allows more play with light and gives the illusion of even greater height.
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Title: Cathedral complex (Campo dei MIracoli) in Pisa
Artist: n/a
Date: 11th-12th century
Medium: architecture
Period: Romanesque
Historical Significance: Although the cathedral complex is more similar to Early Christian basilicas that the more experiemental northern churches, its heavily arched facades, crossing dome, and marble incrustation show how the ROmanesque refers back to classical Rome.
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Title: Bapistery of San Giovanni
Artist: n/a
Date: 11th century
Medium: architecture
Period: Romanesque
Historical Significance: The building's domes octagonal style follows from Roman and Early Christian central-plan buildings, and its marble incrustation (which is distinctive of Tuscan Romanesque buildings, like the Duomo in Siena) descends from Roman wall designs. Also, its simple classicism more directly reflects ancient Roman architecture than the overall gaudy feel of the PIsa bapistry.
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Title: INterior of San Miniato al Monte, Florence
Artist: n/a
Date: 11th century
Medium: architecture
Period: Romanesque
Historical Significance: Heavily recalls Early Christian basilicas, with the exception of the diaphragm arches, which separate the nave into three compartments, brace the high thin walls, and provide firebreaks.
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Title: Cloister of Saint-Pierre, in Moissac, France
Artist: n/a
Date: 12th century
Medium: limestone with marble relief panels
Period: Romanesque
Historical Significance: question why monks have such expensive cloisters, why beasts etc, also these capitals show a revival in stonecarving
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Title: South portal of Saint-Pierre, in Moissac, France
Artist: n/a
Date: 12th century
Medium: marble
Period: Romanesque
Historical Significance: The tympanum shows Christ's Second Coming, with him flanked by the symbols of the four Gospel writers and angels. It also features a heavily-decorated trumeau in the center of the doors and scalloped door jambs. While the scalloping borrows from Islamic architecture, the decoration is of course very Christian, featuring either Jermiah or Isaiah, whose body is elongated and positioned to fit into the scalloped edge.
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Title: Lions and Old Testament prophet, South portal of Saint-Pierre, in Moissac, France
Artist: n/a
Date: 12th century
Medium: marble
Period: Romanesque
Historical Significance: Jamb, scalloped edge like Islamic architecture, but uses vertical human figure similarly to the Greek caryatids, his body is elongated and positioned to fit the scalloped edge, lions used to suggest character traits (strength, courage, etc)
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Title: Last judgement, west tympanum of Saint-Lazare, Autun, France
Artist: Giselbertus
Date: 12th century
Medium: marble
Period: Romanesque
Historical Significance: Served as warning to pilgrims who passed under it, shows separation of the saved and the damned, clear message to even the illiterate
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Title: Baptism of Christ, baptismal font form Notre-Dame des Fonts
Artist: Rainer of Huy
Date: 12th century
Medium: bronze
Period: Romanesque
Historical Significance: Classical style, idealized figures, nude Christ which was otherwise rare in art of the Middle Ages or depicted as shameful (like with Adam and Eve)
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Title: Virgin and Child (Morgan Madonna), Auvergne, France
Artist: unknown
Date: 12th century
Medium: painted wood
Period: Romanesque
Historical Significance: Throne of wisdom positioning, Christ as the embodiment of all wisdom in Scriptures, brought to life and supported by Mary, western European version of Byzantine Theotokos
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Title: Head reliquary of Saint Alexander
Artist: unknown
Date: 12th century
Medium: silver, gilt, bronze, gems, pearls, enamels
Period: Romanesque
Historical Significance: expensive materials used to convey wealth of church; mix of classical idealized youthful face and use of Byzantine-style enamels shows diversity in Romanesque art
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Title: Eadwine the scribe at work
Artist: Eadwine the scribe
Date: 12th century
Medium: ink and tempera on vellum
Period: Romanesque
Historical Significance: Abstract fabric patterning typical in Romanesque painting yeilds slightly to represent the more naturalistic form of the body beneath the cloth. Still shows an instinct to pattern in the scrolled designs on the cloth, but uses a lighter color for the designs so they don't distract from the natural body lines
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Title: Battle of Hastings, detail from the Bayeux Tapestry
Artist: Eadwine the scribe
Date: 11th century
Medium: embroidered wool on linen
Period: Romanesque
Historical Significance: unique in Romanesque art for depicting current event rather than historical or biblical events, similar to Column of Trajan in this way
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