Architectural Barriers

Act (ABA)

1968 - passed legislation which stated that "any building constructed in whole or in part with federal funds must be accessible to and usable by the physically handicapped"

-used ANSI standards

-provided a law but no enforcement agency

-covered buildings only

American National Standards Institute 

(ANSI)

1960's- private institude which developed the ANSI standards

-These standards became the federal standards intended to make all building and facilities used by the public accessible to and functional for people with physical disabilities.

-not a law, no enforcement, just standards

To eliminate discrimination against individuals with disabilities and welcome them into all walks of life so they may enjoy the same priveleges as other citizens.

1.employment

2.government/transportation

3.public accomodation

4.communication system

5.MISC

Architectural and Transportations

Barriers Compliance Board

1. developing and maintaining a composed environment.

2. developing and maintaining a design criteria for transit vehicles and telecommunications equipment

3. Developing electronic and information technology

-emphasize the person first

-encourage participant autonomy

-involving participants in adaptation process

-evaluate adaptations

*continuous observations

*necessary adjustments

*retain aspects of the original tasks

-materials=size, speed, weight, stabalization.

-Environment= sensory factors, participation area.

-Participants= increase mobility, alternative communication

-Instructional strategies= reinforcements, practice, steps

-Activities= cognitive, physical social

-Accomodations= equipment, space, skill

-Support= more stuff

-be a role model

-act natural

-give the same instructions to everyone

-speak directly to participants

-focus on "can do"

-avoid competitive activities 

-answer questions

-relax and enjoy

-restore, remediate or rehabilitate in order to improve functionality and independence.

-reduce or eliminate the effects of illness or disability

-provide recreational resources and opportunities in order to improve health and well-being

Benefits of Therapeutic Recreation

-maintain or improve function, independence, and quality of life in the least restrictive environment.

-resume normal life activities

-establish, re- establish skills for successful social integration

-promote physical skill development

-facilitate continued involvement in rehab

-establish new life activities.

The provision of treatment services and the provision of rec services to persons with illnesses or disabling conditions.

Purposeful interventions using prescribed activities and recreation or leisure activities.

-Bachelors degree or higher from an accredited instituion in the area of therapeutic rec

-Approved internship under the supervision of a certified therapeutic Rec Specialist

-Passing of a national certification examination

1. Rehab hospitals

2.long term care/ nursing facilities

3.subacute care

4.substance abuse rehab facility

5.home health care services

6.residential facilities for persons with disabilities

7.psychiatric facilities

8.municipal parks and rec

9.correctional facilities

a complex developmental disability that typically appears during first 3 years of life. 

-social interaction

-communication skills

-leisure play skills

-resistance to change

Cerebral- having to do with the brain

palsy- weakness or problems using muscles

-injury to parts of the brain that controls our ability to use our muscles and bodies 

*loss of coordination of muscles

*fine motor skill

*paraplegic, quadriplegia

Suggestions when working with

people with mental Retardation

-concrete, interesting, age appropriate material 

-focus on participants age

-do not provide activities that meet their IQ levels

-present information in small sequential steps

-consistent feed back

-do not treat an adult with mental retardation like a child

-substaintial limitations in present functioning

-manifests before age 18

-significantly subaverage intellectual functioning

-2 or more adaptive skill areas: comm., self direction, health, serl-care, home living, safety, social skills, functional academics, comm.use, leisure or work.

Suggestions when working with

people with Autism

-tour of the facility, watch participants first, level of comfort before program begins.

-pictures of activities

-find motivations 

-give choices, rotate between choices quickly

-learn safety skills

-know program well

Suggestions when working with 

people with Cerebral Palsy

-be prepared to make physical adaptations 

-tdd/tty

-communication boards or computers

-restate what you thought you heard

-use foam handles hand gripping is an issue

-use peer advocates

-familiarize yourself with transfer techniques

-ask if participant needs help

Developmental

Disabilities

ADHD, Autism, Cerebral palsy, mental retardation, down syndrome, learning disabilities

A severe, chronic disability of a person age 5 or older.

-is attributable to a mental or physical impairment or combination of mental or physical impairment

-is manifested before age of 22

-is likely to continue indefinitely

-results in substantial limitations in 3 or more following major life areas

(Self- care, language, direction, independence, self sufficient)

Improving Accessibility for Mobility Impairments

Path of Travel- 36"

-parking

-pathways connecting building

Doors- 32"

-lever loop handles

-doormats 1/2 thickness 

Stairs, Ramps, Elevators- No stairs w/ treads 

-ramps 1:12 or less

Restrooms- handle inside doors, lower sinks, grab bars

1. equitable use

2. flexibility in use

3. low physical effort

4.size and space for approach and use

5. tolerance for error

6.perceptible information

7.simple and intuitive

-making products and environments to be usable by all people to the greatest extent possible, w/o the need for adaptation or specialized design.

-simply life for everyone by making products, communications and the built environment more usable by as many people as possible at little or no extra cost.

Older Adults stages of

Consumer Development

60+ - experience years

-non materialistic

-soul searching

-inner personal growth

Why is recreation important

to people with disabilities

-improves quality of life

-provides appropriate role models

-increases social interaction

-increases positive attitudes

-increases independence 

Qualified

Individuals

-mental or physical impairment that substantiability limits 1 or more major life area (caring for oneself, seeing, heaving, walking, daily life skills, learning, work)

-record of such an impairment (disfiguration)

-has a known association or relationship with an individual w/ a disability

1. speak directly

2. offer to shake hands when introduced

3.always identify yourself

4.wait until offer of assistance is accepted

5.treat adults as adults

6.dont lean on a wheelchair

7.listen attentively when talking with people with a speech impairment

8.place yourself at eye level with a person in a wheel chair

9.tap a person who has a hearing disability

10.relax

Handicap

a barrier imposed by society, environment or oneself

physical or attitude constraint

Title 3 - Public 

Accomodations

-stadiums, theaters, hotels, resorts and day care center

-provide goods and services in integrated setting

-eliminate eligibility standards or rules that deny individuals with disabilities

-a modification is not required if it would fundamentally alter the goods, services or operations

-removal of barriers

Title 2 - Public

Services

-State and local Government 

*Cannot refute a person

*ensure com

*integration

*architectural barrier - free

*private parties may bring lawsuits to enforce their rights under title 2 of ADA

-get attention before talking to them

-keep instructions simple

-short time periods

-limits, rules and consequences should be stated often

-do not overstimulate or frustrate a child

Attention Deficit/

Hyperactivity Disorder

(ADHD)

an impairment that interferes with the ability of the child to attend to an activity long enough.

-fidgeting 

-easily distracted

-overreact or under-react 

a disorder that affects a persons ability to interpret incoming information and link info to the brain

-average or above average intelligence

Down Syndrome

type of mental retardation

-if working with a person with down syndrome a physicians permission must be obtained for him or her to participate in activities that may flex neck

Suggestions when working with

people with Learning Disabilities

-capitalize on participants strengths

-provide structure and clear, concrete, expectations

-allow flexibility 

-if participant has difficulty with coordination, make safety precautions.

Suggestions when working with

people with mental illnesses

-difficulty with concentration give simple, direct instructions

-give extra time to people with tremors, speech, excessive thirst

-concentration or anxiety

-celebrate diversity

-have a quiet  place

-focus on strengths

Suggestions when working with

people with physical disabilities

-people with physical disabilities will feel most welcome at your facility or program if the staff of your agency is familiar with some basic rules of conduct

-never touch someones cane/crutch/Wheel chair

-give as much independence to the person

Speech impairments

communication boards 

voice synthesizers

computer technology

picture boards

20 questions

repeat what they say

gestures

DONT ASSUME YOU KNOW WHAT THEY ARE TALKING ABOUT

-treat as valuable 

-lock into place when stationary

-do not assume someone wants to be pushed 

-ask how to be best assisted

-feet on foot wheelchairs, hands away from wheels

-face toward curbs

-never carry someone downstairs

-dont take a wheelchair away

How to be a sighted guide for someone

who has a visual impairment

-have them accept your offer first

-be descriptive

-have them grab onto you

-announce your pressence

sign language

gestures

reading

writing

speaking

lip reading

Suggestions when working with

People with hearing impairments

-face the person directly and maintain eye contact

-dont cover your mouth

-dont talk and write at sametime

-ask person to repeat it or write it down

-if you dont understand something dont pretend to understand

Telecommunications device for the deaf

Keyboard on a phone used to help phone conversations with people with hearing loss

Suggestions when working with

people with visual impairments

-Identify yourself

-have them grab onto your elbow

-dont pet guide dogs

-face person directly

-introduce other people you are talking to

National Relay Service Number

Organizations assisting people

with visual impairments

-central coast low vision council

-recordings for the blind and dyslexic

-braille institute

-department of rehab

-guide dogs

Title 1 - Employment

Interviewing

It is unlawful to 

-ask an applicant whether they are disable or nature/ severity

-ask for medical history

Title 1 - Employment

Essential 

-whether the reason the position exists is to preform that function

-the number of other employers available to perform function

-degree of expertise or skill required

-actual work experience

-time spent performing a function

-consequences

Aging Services 

Trends and Recreation

-wellness/ fitness

-technoogy

-education

-the arts

-volunteering

-schedules

-caregiving

-travel

-diversity

-sports

-multigenerational programs

Reasonable 

Accomodation

taking steps to welcome individuals with disabilities include:

-providing accessible modifications

-changing policies and procedures

-acquiring necessary auxiliary aids

-adapting community

Essential Eligibility

-capacity

-charges

-conduct

-residency

-relative skill 

-safety

-age

Title 4 - Telecommunication

Assistive Listening Devices

Communication aids and services for use in:

-telecommunication

-prepared (non live) materials

-assembly areas, classes and meetings

-building

-advance notice for the availability of an interpreter or device

Program Accessibility 

1. program promotion

2. registration/ assessment of needs

3. accommodations and supports

4.staff training

5.program implementation

6.documentation

7.evaluation

Inclusion

Being a member of a larger whole

-having the same choices and opportunities

-being accepted and appreciated for who you are

-being friends with people who share your interest

-being valued and welcomed

-having facilities that are accessible

-providing necessary individual adaptations

Benefits of Inclusion

-improves quality of life

-provides appropriate role models

-increases social interaction

-increases positive attitude

-increases independence

What to avoid

when planning for inclusion

-avoid putting large groups of people w/ disabilities in one program

-avoid disrupting the natural proportion of individuals with and without disabilities

-avoid special, labeled programs such as "Bowling for Mentally Handicapped"

-avoid caring for or looking after people with disabilities