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Rx Practice I - Exam 1
Exam 1 Lectures
35
Other
Graduate
08/25/2009

Additional Other Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What 3 items are needed for settled cultures to flourish?
Definition

1.  Ability to write

2.  System of exchange

3.  Weights and measures

Term

________  tested and classified drugs based on their ability to counteract humors.

 

How did he classify drugs?

Definition

Galen

 

1.  Simple drugs

2.  Composite drugs

3.  Entities

Term
The first pharmacy was located in ________ in 754 AD.
Definition
Baghdad
Term
The German Emperor Frederick II's edict outlined several key basis in pharmacy practice.
Definition

1.  Separation of pharmacy from medicine.

2.  Official supervision of pharmacy practice.

3.  Obligation by oath to prepare drugs reliably, according to skilled art, and in a uniform, suitable quality.

Term
The first pharmacist that was examined and licensed in America.
Definition
Jean Peyroux (1769)
Term
The first person named Apothecary-General in the American army.
Definition
Andrew Craigie (1775)
Term
The first military formulary.
Definition
The Lititz Pharmacopoeia (1778)
Term
Who developed the definition of pharmaceutical care?
Definition

Charles Hepler and Linda Strand

 

"a patient-centered practice in which the practitioner assumes respnsibility for a patient's drug-related needs and is held accountable for this commitment."

Term
List the drug related morbidity/mortality concerns in pharmaceutical care.
Definition

1.  Untreated indications

2.  Improper drug selection

3.  Subtherapeutic dosage

4.  Failure to receive drugs

5.  Overdosage

6.  Adverse drug reactions

7.  Drug interactions

8.  Drug use without indications

Term
original studies and reports of journals and published conference proceedings and symposia
Definition
primary literature
Term
review articles, indexing/abstracting tools
Definition
secondary literature
Term
textbooks, handbooks, online databases, monographs, review articles
Definition
tertiary literature
Term
Benefits of Tertiary Literature.
Definition

Easy access

Fast

User friendly

Familiarity

Reputation

Answer provided

Term
Limitations of Tertiary Literature.
Definition

Dated

Trusting that author interpreted info correctly

Not inclusive of all info, may not answer very specific question

Term
Benefits of Secondary Literature.
Definition

Can search for primary literature across wide range of publications

 

Read abstract before retrieving article

Term
Limitations of Secondary Literature.
Definition

Defining proper search terms

Not all journals indexed in each service

Need to go to primary literature after searching

Term
Benefits of Primary Literature.
Definition

Evaluate research and original study

Includes reference sources, funding sources, or affliations and locations of study

Term
Limitations of Primary Literature.
Definition

Requires additional skills to interpret results

May not have access to article

Term
Benefits of Drug Information on the web.
Definition

Open access journals and databases

Info outside of traditional publications

Other info (stats, pharmaceutics)

Familiarity

Term
Limitations of Drug Information on the web.
Definition

Authorship

Sponsorship

May lack peer review

Search methodology

Term
Type of drug information question that can be answered by tertiary resources (stability, IV compatibility, pharmacokinetics, common drug interactions)
Definition
Type I
Term
Type of drug information question that requires minimal search beyond general references, may or may not require primary literature
Definition
Type II
Term
Type of drug information question that is the most complex and require thought process analysis of information retrieved. almost always require primary literature.
Definition
Type III
Term

 

Prohibited the manufacture/sale of food or drugs that were misbranded or adulterated.

 

Definition
Federal Food and Drug Act  (1906)
Term

Replaced Federa Food and Drug Act.

Administered and enforced by FDA.

Triggered by sulfanilimide tragedy.

Broadened defn of misbranding and adulteration.

Required new drugs be proven safe & approved by FDA

Labels required to include adequate directions for use.

Warning for narcotic & hypnotic agents required.

Definition
Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (1938)
Term

Determined safe use of certain drugs could only be achieved under appropriate medical supervision.

Provided for distinction between prescription and non-prescription drugs.

Prescription drugs required to have Federal legend.

Definition
Durham-Humphrey Amendments of 1951
Term

Drug efficacy amendments.

Required manufacturers of new drugs to submit proof of effectiveness in addition to safety.

Provided for registration of manufacturers and

inspections of their sites.

Triggered by thalidimine tragedy with babies being born with birth defects.

Definition
Kefauver-Harris Amendments of 1962
Term
Created a classification system for medical devices based on function, performance standards, safety and effectiveness.
Definition
Medical Device Amendment of 1976
Term
required that all narcotics bear a stamp on the container before they could be legally sold (stamp obtained by paying a tax)
Definition
Harrison Narcotic Act (1916)
Term
Amendments intended to control abuse of barbiturates and stimulants
Definition
Drug Abuse Control Amendments (1965)
Term

Established a "closed system" for distribution of controlled substances.

Provides for a classification of drugs based upon potential for abuse.

Definition
Controlled Substances Act (1970)
Term

Most restricted controlled substances.

Contains drugs with no currently accepted medical use.

High potential for abuse.

Lack of accepted safety for use, even when used under medical supervision.

Definition

Schedule I Controlled Substance

 

Example: Heroin

Term

Least restrictive controlled substance.

Includes drugs with accepted medical use.

Low potential for abuse.

Likely to lead only to limited dependence.

Definition

Schedule V Controlled Substance

 

Example: Robitussin with Codeine cough syrup

Term
List the order of steps in CPR.
Definition

1.  Establish that the victim does not respond.

2.  Activate your emergency response system.

3.  Head tilt-chin lift.

4.  Check for breathing. (Give 2 rescue breaths)

5.  Start CPR (30:2)

Term
If you come upon an unconcious child, do you begin CPR or activate the emergency system first?
Definition
Give 5 cycles of CPR before activatin the emergency system.
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