Term
What 3 items are needed for settled cultures to flourish? |
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Definition
1. Ability to write
2. System of exchange
3. Weights and measures |
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Term
________ tested and classified drugs based on their ability to counteract humors.
How did he classify drugs? |
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Definition
Galen
1. Simple drugs
2. Composite drugs
3. Entities |
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Term
The first pharmacy was located in ________ in 754 AD. |
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Definition
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Term
The German Emperor Frederick II's edict outlined several key basis in pharmacy practice. |
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Definition
1. Separation of pharmacy from medicine.
2. Official supervision of pharmacy practice.
3. Obligation by oath to prepare drugs reliably, according to skilled art, and in a uniform, suitable quality. |
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Term
The first pharmacist that was examined and licensed in America. |
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Definition
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Term
The first person named Apothecary-General in the American army. |
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Definition
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Term
The first military formulary. |
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Definition
The Lititz Pharmacopoeia (1778) |
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Term
Who developed the definition of pharmaceutical care? |
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Definition
Charles Hepler and Linda Strand
"a patient-centered practice in which the practitioner assumes respnsibility for a patient's drug-related needs and is held accountable for this commitment." |
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Term
List the drug related morbidity/mortality concerns in pharmaceutical care. |
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Definition
1. Untreated indications
2. Improper drug selection
3. Subtherapeutic dosage
4. Failure to receive drugs
5. Overdosage
6. Adverse drug reactions
7. Drug interactions
8. Drug use without indications |
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Term
original studies and reports of journals and published conference proceedings and symposia |
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Definition
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Term
review articles, indexing/abstracting tools |
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Definition
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Term
textbooks, handbooks, online databases, monographs, review articles |
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Definition
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Term
Benefits of Tertiary Literature. |
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Definition
Easy access
Fast
User friendly
Familiarity
Reputation
Answer provided |
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Term
Limitations of Tertiary Literature. |
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Definition
Dated
Trusting that author interpreted info correctly
Not inclusive of all info, may not answer very specific question |
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Term
Benefits of Secondary Literature. |
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Definition
Can search for primary literature across wide range of publications
Read abstract before retrieving article |
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Term
Limitations of Secondary Literature. |
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Definition
Defining proper search terms
Not all journals indexed in each service
Need to go to primary literature after searching |
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Term
Benefits of Primary Literature. |
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Definition
Evaluate research and original study
Includes reference sources, funding sources, or affliations and locations of study |
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Term
Limitations of Primary Literature. |
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Definition
Requires additional skills to interpret results
May not have access to article |
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Term
Benefits of Drug Information on the web. |
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Definition
Open access journals and databases
Info outside of traditional publications
Other info (stats, pharmaceutics)
Familiarity |
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Term
Limitations of Drug Information on the web. |
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Definition
Authorship
Sponsorship
May lack peer review
Search methodology |
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Term
Type of drug information question that can be answered by tertiary resources (stability, IV compatibility, pharmacokinetics, common drug interactions) |
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Definition
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Term
Type of drug information question that requires minimal search beyond general references, may or may not require primary literature |
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Definition
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Term
Type of drug information question that is the most complex and require thought process analysis of information retrieved. almost always require primary literature. |
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Definition
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Term
Prohibited the manufacture/sale of food or drugs that were misbranded or adulterated.
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Definition
Federal Food and Drug Act (1906) |
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Term
Replaced Federa Food and Drug Act.
Administered and enforced by FDA.
Triggered by sulfanilimide tragedy.
Broadened defn of misbranding and adulteration.
Required new drugs be proven safe & approved by FDA
Labels required to include adequate directions for use.
Warning for narcotic & hypnotic agents required. |
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Definition
Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (1938) |
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Term
Determined safe use of certain drugs could only be achieved under appropriate medical supervision.
Provided for distinction between prescription and non-prescription drugs.
Prescription drugs required to have Federal legend. |
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Definition
Durham-Humphrey Amendments of 1951 |
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Term
Drug efficacy amendments.
Required manufacturers of new drugs to submit proof of effectiveness in addition to safety.
Provided for registration of manufacturers and
inspections of their sites.
Triggered by thalidimine tragedy with babies being born with birth defects. |
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Definition
Kefauver-Harris Amendments of 1962 |
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Term
Created a classification system for medical devices based on function, performance standards, safety and effectiveness. |
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Definition
Medical Device Amendment of 1976 |
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Term
required that all narcotics bear a stamp on the container before they could be legally sold (stamp obtained by paying a tax) |
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Definition
Harrison Narcotic Act (1916) |
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Term
Amendments intended to control abuse of barbiturates and stimulants |
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Definition
Drug Abuse Control Amendments (1965) |
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Term
Established a "closed system" for distribution of controlled substances.
Provides for a classification of drugs based upon potential for abuse. |
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Definition
Controlled Substances Act (1970) |
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Term
Most restricted controlled substances.
Contains drugs with no currently accepted medical use.
High potential for abuse.
Lack of accepted safety for use, even when used under medical supervision. |
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Definition
Schedule I Controlled Substance
Example: Heroin |
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Term
Least restrictive controlled substance.
Includes drugs with accepted medical use.
Low potential for abuse.
Likely to lead only to limited dependence. |
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Definition
Schedule V Controlled Substance
Example: Robitussin with Codeine cough syrup |
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Term
List the order of steps in CPR. |
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Definition
1. Establish that the victim does not respond.
2. Activate your emergency response system.
3. Head tilt-chin lift.
4. Check for breathing. (Give 2 rescue breaths)
5. Start CPR (30:2) |
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Term
If you come upon an unconcious child, do you begin CPR or activate the emergency system first? |
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Definition
Give 5 cycles of CPR before activatin the emergency system. |
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