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| Coefficient of determination, R^2 |
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| Measures the proportion of total variation in the response variable that is explained by the least-squares regression line |
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| The differences between predicted values and actual values |
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| The deviation between the observed value of the response variable y and the mean value of the response variable ybar |
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| The deviation between the predicted value of the response variable yhat and the mean value of the response variable ybar |
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| The deviation between the observed value of the response variable y and the predicted value of the response variable yhat |
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Explained variation/total variation
(yhat - ybar)/(y - ybar) |
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| A scatter diagram with the residuals on the vertical axis and the explanatory variable on the horizontal axis |
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| If the plot of the residuals against the explanatory variable shows a discernible pattern, such as a curve |
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| Then the explanatory and response variable may not be linearly correlated |
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| If a plot of the residuals against the explanatory variable shows the spread of the residuals increasing or decreasing as the planetary variable increases, then a strict requirement of the linear model is violated |
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| An observation that does not fit the overall pattern of the data |
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1. Residual plot against the explanatory variable
2. Box-plot, will show up as * |
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| An observation that significantly affects the value of the slope and/or intercept of the least-squares regression line |
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