Stonehenge

Prehistoric (New Stone Age)

Known as a cromlech

Nancy Holt,

Sun Tunnels,

Lucin, Utah

Alignment to sun and stars

Robert Smithson,

Spiral Jetty,

Symbolizes eternity, folding and unfolding, beginning and the end.

Christo & Jean-Claude,

The Gates,

Feb. 2005.

in Central Park,

create awareness of environment and nature.

Christo & Jean-Claude,

Running Fence

Christo & Jean-Claude,

The Umbrellas,

Japan and California.

Richard Serra,

Tilted Arc,

Federal Plaza, NYC,

1989.

Commissioned, but was later sued and taken down due to public outcry against it.

White Temple and Ziggurat,

Uruk, Iraq,

3200-3000 BCE.

Ziggurat of Ur,

2100 BCE.

Bent-axis approach

IMHOTEP,

Stepped Pyramid of Djoser,

2630-2611 BCE.

Stacked mastabas made of limestone.

Great Pyramids of Gizeh,

Pyramids of Menkaura, Khafre, and Khufu.

4 corners of pyramid align with NESW.

Great Sphinx of Gizeh,

sandstone.

Columnar Entrance Corridor to the Mortuary Precinct of Djoser.

First stone columns.

Hypostyle Hall,

using a lot of columns to hold roof.

Clerestory - open spaces for light and air.