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| having scruples - showing a strict regard for what one considers right; principled |
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| generous in forgiving an insult or injury; free from petty resentfulness or vindictiveness(vengeful) |
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| having or showing pleasant, good-natured personal qualities; affable(friendly; cordial) |
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| avaricious (av-uh-resh-uhs) |
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| insatiable greediness; covetous |
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to make void or null; cancel
(do not mix this up with annual!) |
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tending to cause disagreement or hostility between people
ex.)the highly divisive issue of abortion |
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1. crying out noisily; clamorous(vigorous in demands or complaints; a loud uproar)
2. (especially of a person or speech) vehement(vee-ah-ment) or clamorous
ex.)he was a vociferous opponent of the takeover |
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| excessively talkative in a rambling roundabout manner, especially about trivial matters |
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1. unduly(inappropriate) demonstrative; lacking reserve - overflowing
2. expressing feelings of gratitude, pleasure, or approval in an unrestrained or heartfelt manner
ex.)an effusive welcome |
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| disposed to be silent or not to speak freely; reserved, taciturn |
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| munificent (mew-nif-uh-cent) |
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| extremely liberal in giving; very generous |
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| daringly close to indelicacy or impropriety; indecent |
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introduced or coming from without; not belonging or proper to a thing; external and foreign; not pertinent/relevant
ex.)Some sentences contain clauses that are extraneous to the sentence’s meaning. In other words, the information in these clauses is not necessary to the sentence’s meaning, but does clarify or add to the sentence |
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Definition
1. a large scope; covering or involving much; inclusive
2. having an extensive metal range or grasp |
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| expedient (ex-pea-dee-ant) |
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Definition
1.(adj) tending to promote some proposed or desired object; fit or suitable for the purpose; proper under the circumstances; conducive to advantage or interest
ex.) it is expedient that you should go
2.(noun)a means devised or employed in an exigency(urgent; emergency)
ex.) use any expedients you thing necessary to get over the obstacles |
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| beyond more than is sufficient or required; excessive |
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| having a kindly disposition; gracious |
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| not controvertible; not open to question or dispute; indisputable |
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absolute trustworthy or sure; certain; incapable of making mistakes or being wrong
ex.)doctors are not always infallible |
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| persistent in effort; stubbornly tenacious(characterized for holding fast; highly retentive; pertinacious) |
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to waver in mind or opinion; be indecisive or irresolute; fluctuate
ex.)his tendency to vacillate made him |
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| large in quantity or number; abundant |
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| cheerfully optimistic/hopeful and confident |
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| clandestine (clan-des-tin) |
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Definition
| characterized by/done in/or executed with secrecy or concealment especially for purposes of subversion or deception |
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| cover with a protective film (usually transparent) |
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| the state or quality of being frank, open and sincere in speech or expression; candid |
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| relating to a certain geographical area |
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| anachronistic (ah-knack-cruh-nis-tik) |
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Definition
out of the proper order in time
ex.)the sword is an anachronism in modern warfare |
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Definition
pertaining to or using a rule or procedure that can be applied repeatedly
ex.)Computer programs often use recursive subroutines to repeat operations |
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| out of place; inappropriate |
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| a preference or a fondness for something |
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submissive to authority; (of a person) open and responsive to suggestion; easily persuaded or controlled
ex.)parents who have had easy babies and amenable children
2. of a thing) capable of being acted upon in a particular way; susceptible to
ex.)the patients had cardiac failure not amenable to medical treatment |
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| concise; sparing in the use of words; abrupt |
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| cantankerous (can-tang-er-ous) |
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| disagreeable to deal with; contentious; peevish |
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1. sharp or severe in effect; intense; critical
2. short-term |
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| unequivocal (un-ee-quiv-eh-kul) |
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| not equivocal; unambiguous; clear |
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| pernicious (per-nish-ous) |
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Definition
causing insidious harm or ruin, especially in a gradual or subtle way
ex.)the pernicious influences of the mass media |
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| repentant; contrite; feeling or expressing sorrow for sin or wrongdoing and disposed to atonement and amendment |
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| the quality of disappearing or vanishing like a vapor; to disappear gradually; vanish; fade away. |
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| the quality of impermanence or passing with time |
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| a deviation from the common rule, type, arrangement or form; abnormality |
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debasing; degrading; causing someone to lose their dignity and the respect of others
ex.)the poster was rather demeaning to women |
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| tyrannical; a ruler with absolute power |
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| reproduce/spread in number |
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| brought about or facilitated |
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not claiming attention for oneself, retiring and modest
(Think: self-erasing) |
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| extremely bold/daring; recklessly brave |
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| taken as a measure against something possible/anticipated/feared; preventive, deterrent |
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distinct in kind; essentially different, not allowing comparison
ex.)they could not inhabit any more disparate worlds of thought |
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| a theory that there is more than 1 basic substance or principle - consists of 2 or more independent elements |
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a moving force, impulse, stimulus
ex.)The succeeding generations of women
travelers were impelled by essentially the same impetus that had motivated these pioneers, the desire for independence and enlightenment (the impetus is the DESIRE for independence and enlightenment) |
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going rapidly over something without noticing details; hasty; superficial
ex.)a cursory glance |
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1. (of a person or mental process) intelligently analytical and clear-thinking; acute; shrewd
2. penetrating; cutting; biting
3. remarkably clear and direct; accurate and sharply focused |
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1. lacking sense; significance or ideas; silly
2. (something) empty or void |
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false or insincere behavior
ex.)Any biographer of this playwright, who assumed an elaborate public facade in order to conceal private concerns, must examine the impulse behind such artifice. |
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softened by the addition of something
ex.)It is said that as a legal team Charles Houston and Thurgood Marshall complemented each other thoroughly: Houston’s sedate manner was tempered by Marshall’s jocularity |
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| analogous (an-ow-ah-gous) |
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| equal to; in proportion to |
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having contrary emotions
ex.)The student’s feelings about presenting the commencement address were ambivalent; although visibly happy to have been chosen, he was nonetheless anxious about speaking in public |
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| to speak damagingly of; criticize in a derogatory manner; sully; defame |
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a situation or problem presenting such difficulties as to discourage or defeat any attempt to deal with or resolve it; prevented
ex.)The desire to forget one's troubles may be stymied by having less money to do it |
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to produce, cause, or give rise to
ex.)Hate engenders violence |
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lasting a very short time; short-lived; transitory; fleeting
ex.)Trinkets intended to have only ephemeral appeal can exist virtually forever in landfills because of the durability of some plastics |
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Definition
1.pertaining to or having the form of an ellipse
2.(of speech or writing) expressed with extreme or excessive economy; relieved of irrelevant matter
3.(of a style of speaking or writing) tending to be ambiguous, cryptic, or obscure
ex.)an elliptical prose that is difficult to translate |
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Definition
generosity or broad-mindedness
ex.)liberality toward bisexuality |
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| inflexibility attached to a theory or practice; a person who seeks to impose a doctrine without regard to practical considerations |
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capable of having the desired result or effect; effective as a means, measure, remedy, etc.
ex.) The medicine is efficacious in stopping a cough. |
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| hard to understand; recondite; esoteric |
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| to draw out or lengthen, especially in time; extend the duration of; prolong |
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to speak disparagingly of; condemn
ex.)He decried the practices of aggressive autograph seekers, arguing that anyone distinguished enough to merit such adulation also deserved to be treated courteously (The speaker “argued” in defense of people who are harassed by autograph seekers, so it makes sense to say that he “decried” autograph-seekers, whose aggressive actions stem from “adulation,” or admiration) |
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| an omission or ambiguity in the wording of a contract or law that allows one to evade compliance |
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| treating contemptuously; mock |
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| characterized by an economy of style or expression; economical |
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1. harsh; strident; grating
2. rowdy; disorderly
ex.)a raucous party |
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1. obscure; not clear or lucid
ex.)The problem remains opaque despite explanations
2. not transparent or translucent; impenetrable to light; dull |
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a divergence or disagreement as between facts or claims; an instance of difference or inconsistency
ex.)The discrepancy between the mayor's idealistic speeches and his reprehensible conduct led his constituents to disparage his claim to be a true reformer. |
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Term
| polemical (poe-lem-eh-col) |
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Definition
controversial; a controversial argument, as one against some opinion, doctrine, etc.
ex.)“Ayn Rand can be considered a polemical novelist; her controversial ideas have provoked irate rebuttal from her philosophical opponents.” The semicolon introduces an explanation of the first missing term. Someone who routinely draws “irate rebuttal,” or angry responses, is likely “polemical,” or controversial. It stands to reason that such a novelist would have controversial ideas as well. |
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| unusually advanced or mature in development, especially mental development |
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coming from diverse sources
ex.)Indigenous” means native to an area. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read “Dine (Navajo) weavers have been eclectic in their use of design, drawing on indigenous motifs as well as on motifs from Spain, Asia, and other parts of the world. |
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Definition
central design elements;
a recurring subject, theme, idea, etc., especially in a literary, artistic, or musical work |
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Term
| inundation (en-une-dation) |
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Definition
| flooding; cover or overspread with water; deluge |
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Definition
aroused or shocked into action; stimulate
ex.)the urgency of his voice galvanized them into action |
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Definition
established doctrine
ex.)Sixteenth-century Spanish rulers saw themselves as champions of orthodoxy: trifling with tradition was not permitted in matters of faith or politics. |
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| licentiousness (lie-sen-chahs) |
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Definition
| lawless; a lack or moral restraint; immoral |
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Definition
cheerful readiness, promptness, or willingness
ex.)We accepted the invitation with alacrity. |
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purges or gets rid of emotions
ex.)Horror movies have a cathartic effect, purging our fears of the unknown by giving them artistic expression. |
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Definition
explanation; interpretation
ex.)the summary was a great explication of the book |
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public demonstrations; outward or perceptible indication; materialization
ex.)At first there was no manifestation of the disease. |
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| menagerie(mun-nayh-ger-ree) |
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Definition
| a collections of animals kept for exhibition |
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Definition
a person's social environment.
ex.)he grew up in a military milieu |
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| arboretum (ar-bur-ree-dum) |
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Definition
| a plot of land on which many different trees or shrubs are grown for study or display |
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| proprietors who live away from their properties |
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| of, pertaining to, or suggesting an idyllic rural life |
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Definition
stubborn and complete intolerance of any creed, belief, or opinion that differs from one's own.
ex.)Observing that young children are almost invariably free of racial prejudice, the sociologist concluded that bigotry manifested by adults is therefore learned. |
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1. overlooked; disregard
2. to give tacit approval to
ex.) By his silence, he seemed to condone their behavior
3. to pardon or forgive (an offense); excuse |
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present everywhere at the same time
ex.)the omnipresent God |
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reveling; boisterous festivity
ex.)Their revelry could be heard across the river. |
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promising success; propitious(pruh-pish-ous); opportune; favorable
ex.)an auspicious occasion. |
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restrained (socially)
ex.)As a boy and young man, Paul Cézanne was ardent but also inhibited: extremely passionate about painting yet unusually restrained socially. |
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1. objectionably aggressive in offering one's unrequested and unwanted services, help, or advice; meddlesome
2. marked by or proceeding from such forwardness |
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vehement or violent denunciation, censure, or reproach; insults
ex.)While he is my brother and I love him, it is difficult to forgive him for the invective comments he made last night |
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| civilized or marked by proper behavior; polite |
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| polite, refined, or respectable, often in an affected or ostentatious way |
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1. a group or clique within a larger group, party, government, organization, or the like
ex.)a faction in favor of big business
2. party strife and intrigue; dissension
ex.)an era of faction and treason |
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a feeling or condition of hostility; hatred; ill will; animosity; antagonism
ex.)The medical community seemed so factional that medical progress was often accompanied by conflict, with each step forward creating new enmities.
ex.)enmity between Protestants and Catholics |
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1. having an appearance of truth or reason; seemingly worthy of approval or acceptance; credible; believable
2. well-spoken and apparently, but often deceptively, worthy of confidence or trust; superficially pleasing or persuasive
ex.)a plausible commentator |
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dislike
ex.)Despite their attempts at geniality, the antipathy between Peter and Fred was barely suppressed. |
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| camaraderie (come-uh-rod-der-ree) |
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| friendliness; good-fellow ship |
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| when affection is replaced by hatred |
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poverty
ex.)The economic position of the Victorian working poor was so tenuous that even a brief spell of unemployment was likely to plunge them into destitution. |
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| intelligible (in-tell-eh-geh-bol) |
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Definition
capable of being understood; comprehensible; clear
ex.)Although some of the text's language is archaic and virtually indecipherable, most of it is surprisingly intelligible |
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| omniscience (om-nish-ence) |
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Definition
having complete or unlimited knowledge, awareness, or understanding; perceiving all things.
ex.)The playwright provides us, the audience, with the exhilarating feeling of omniscience; we revel in the power to perceive connections that the characters cannot perceive. |
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a failure to observe standards or show due honesty or modesty; improper language, behavior, or character
ex.)she was scandalized at the impropriety of the question |
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1. very weak, slight or unstable
ex.)the tenuous link between interest rates and investment
2. very slender or fine; insubstantial; delicate
ex.)a tenuous cloud |
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| (of a deity) having unlimited power; able to do anything |
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giving or indicating a good chance of success; favorable
ex.)the timing for such a meeting seemed propitious |
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