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science exam
scanscan
82
Science
8th Grade
01/09/2012

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Term
CHAPTER 1 PROTOTYPE
Definition
A WORKING MODEL USED TO TEST A DESIGN.
Term
CHEMISTRY
Definition
THE STUDY OF THE PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND HOW MATTER CHANGES
Term
PROTOTYPE
Definition
A WORKING MODEL USED TO TEST A DESIGN.
Term
CONSTRAINT
Definition
ANY FACTOR THAT LIMITS OR RESTRICTS A DESIGN
Term
TROUBLESHOOTING
Definition
THE PROCESS OF ANALYZING A DESIGN PROBLEM AND FINDING A WAY TO FIX IT
Term
INFERENCE
Definition
THE PROCESS OF INFERRING AN INTERPERATATION BASED ON OBSERVATION AND PRIOR KNOWLEDGE
Term
OBSERVING
Definition
THE PROCESS OF USING ONE OR MORE OF YOUR SENSES TO GATHER INFORAMTION
Term
VARIABLE
Definition
A FACTOR THAT CAN CHANGE IN AN EXPERIMENT
Term
HYPOTHESIS
Definition
A POSSIBLE EXPLANATION FOR A SET OF OBSERVATIONS OR ANSWER TO A SCIENTIFIC QUESTION
Term
ENGINEER
Definition
A PERSON WHO IS TRAINED TO USE BOTH TECHNOLOGICAL AND SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE TO SOLVE PRACTICAL PROBLEMS.
Term
SYSTEM
Definition
A GROUP OF RELATED PARTS THAT WORK TOGETHER
Term
TECHNOLOGY
Definition
A WAY OF CHANGING THE NATURAL WORLD TO MEET HUMAN NEEDS OR SOLVE PRACTICAL PROBLEMS.
Term
REFERENCE POINT
Definition
A PLACE OR OBJECT USED FOR COMPARISON TO DETERMINE IF AN OBJECT IS IN MOTION
Term
AVERAGE SPEED
Definition
THE OVERALL RATE OF SPEED AT WHICH AN OBJECT MOVES;CALCULATED BY DIVIDING THE TOTAL DISTANCE AN OBJECT TRAVELS BY THE TOTAL TIME
Term
VELOCITY
Definition
SPEED IN A GIVEN DIRECTION
Term
ACCELERATION
Definition
THE RATE AT WHICH VELOCITY CHANGES
Term
SPEED
Definition
THE DISTANCE AN OBJECT TRAVELS PER UNIT OF TIME
Term
MOTION
Definition
THE STATE AT WHICH ONE OBJECT'S DISTANCE FROM ANOTHER IS CHANGING
Term
METER
Definition
THE BASIC SI UNIT OF LENGTH
Term
INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS
Definition
THE SYSTEM OF UNITS (SI) USED BY SCIENTISTS TO MEASURE THE PROPERTIES OF MATTER.
Term
SLOPE
Definition
THE STEEPNESS OF A LINE ON A GRAPH,EQUAL TO ITS VERTICAL CHANGE, DIVIDED BY ITS HORIZONTAL CHANGE
Term
FORCE
Definition
A PUSH OR PULL EXERTED ON AN OBJECT
Term
NET FORCE
Definition
THE OVERALL FORCE ON AN OBJECT WHEN ALL THE INDIVIDUAL FORCES ACTING ON IT ARE ADDED TOGETHER
Term
INERTIA
Definition
THE TENDENCY OF AN OBJECT TO RESIST ANY CHANGE IN ITS MOTION
Term
MASS
Definition
A MEASURE OF HOW MUCH MATTER IS IN AN OBJECT
Term
NEWTON
Definition
A UNIT OF MEASURE THAT EQUALS THE FORCE REQUIRED TO ACCELERATE 1 KILOGRAM OF MASS AT 1 METER PER SECOND.
Term
FRICTION
Definition
THE FORCE THAT ONE SURFACE EXERTS ON ANOTHER WHEN TWO SURFACES RUB AGAINST EACH OTHER.
Term
SLIDING FRICTION
Definition
FRICTION THAT OCCURS WHEN ONE SOLID SURFACE SLIDES OVER ANOTHER
Term
FLUID FRICTION
Definition
FRICTION THAT OCCURS AS AN OBJECT MOVES THROUGH A FLUID
Term
GRAVITY
Definition
THE FORCE THAT PULLS OBJECTS TOWARD EACH OTHER
Term
FREE FALL
Definition
THE MOTION OF A FALLING OBJECT WHEN THE ONLY FORCE ACTING ON IT IS GRAVITY
Term
AIR RESISTANCE
Definition
THE FLUID FRICTION EXPERIENCED BY OBJECTS FALLING THROUGH THE AIR.
Term
WEIGHT
Definition
A MEASURE OF THE FORCE OF GRAVITY ON AN OBJECT
Term
MOMENTUM
Definition
THE PRODUCT OF AN OBJECT'S MASS AND VELOCITY
Term
SATELLITE
Definition
ANY OBJECT THAT ORBITS AROUND ANOTHER OBJECT IN SPACE
Term
PASCAL
Definition
A UNIT OF PRESSURE EQUAL TO 1 NEWTON PER SQUARE METER
Term
BUOYANT FORCE
Definition
THE UPWARD FORCE EXERTED BY A FLUID ON A SUBMERGED OBJECT
Term
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
Definition
A SYSTEM THAT MULTIPLIES FORCE BY TRANSMITTING PRESSURE FROM A SMALL SURFACE AREA THROUGH A CONFINED FLUID TO A LARGER SURFACE AREA
Term
DENSITY
Definition
THE RATIO OF THE MASS OF A SUBSTANCE TO ITS VOLUME
Term
FLUID
Definition
A SUBSTANCE THAT CAN EASILY FLOW.
Term
ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPLE
Definition
THE RULE THAT THE BUOYANT FORCE ON AN OBJECT THAT IS EQUAL TO THE WEIGHT OF THE FLUID THE OBJECT DISPLACES.
Term
BERNOULLII'S PRINCIPLE
Definition
THE RULE THAT A STREAM OF FAST MOVING LIQUID EXERTS LESS PRESSURE THAN THE SURROUNDING LIQUID.
Term
PRESSURE
Definition
THE FORCE EXERTED ON A SURFACE DIVIDED BY THE TOTAL AREA OVER WHICH THE FORCE IS EXERTED.
Term
WEDGE
Definition
A SIMPLE MACHINE THAT IS AN INCLINED PLANE THAT MOVES.
Term
COMPOUND MACHINE
Definition
A DEVICE THAT COMBINES TWO OR MORE SIMPLE MACHINES
Term
OUTPUT FORCE
Definition
THE FORCE EXERTED ON AN OBJECT BY A MACHINE
Term
FULCRUM
Definition
THE FIXED POINT AROUND WHICH A LEVER PIVOTS
Term
WORK
Definition
FORCE EXERTED ON AN OBJECT THAT CAUSES IT TO MOVE
Term
WHEEL AND AXLE
Definition
A SIMPLE MACHINE THAT CONSISTS OF TWO ATTACHED CIRCULAR OR CYLINDRICAL OBJECTS THAT ROTATE ABOUT A COMMON AXIS, EACH ONE WITH A DIFFERENT RADIUS
Term
EFFICIENCY
Definition
THE PERCENTAGE OF THE INPUT WORK THAT IS CONVERTED TO OUTPUT WORK
Term
LEVER
Definition
A SIMPLE MACHINE THAT CONSISTS OF A RIGID BAR THAT PIVOTS ABOUT A FIXED POINT.
Term
INPUT FORCE
Definition
THE FORCE EXERTED ON A MACHINE
Term
INCLINED PLANE
Definition
A SIMPLE MACHINE THAT IS FLAT
Term
PULLEY
Definition
A SIMPLE MACHINE THAT CONSISTS OF A GROOVED WHEEL WITH A ROPE OR CABLE WRAPPED AROUND IT
Term
MACHINE
Definition
A DEVICE THAT CHANGES THE AMOUNT OF FORCE EXERTED, THE DISTANCE OVER WHICH A FORCE IS EXERTED, OR THE DIRECTION IN WHICH FORCE IS EXERTED.
Term
JOULE
Definition
A UNIT OF WORK EQUAL TO 1 UNIT-METER
Term
SCREW
Definition
A SIMPLE MACHINE THAT IS AN INCLINED PLANE WRAPPED AROUND A CENTRAL CYLINDER TO FORM A SCREW
Term
ENERGY
Definition
THE ABILITY TO DO WORK OR CAUSE CHANGE
Term
KINETIC ENERGY
Definition
ENERGY THAT AN OBJECT HAS DUE TO ITS MOTION
Term
POTENTIAL ENERGY
Definition
STORED ENERGY THAT RESULTS FROM THE POSITION OR SHAPE OF AN OBJECT
Term
MECHANICAL ENERGY
Definition
KINETIC OR POTENTIAL ENERGY ASSOCIATED WITH THE MOTION OR THE POSITION OF AN OBJECT
Term
THERMAL ENERGY
Definition
THE TOTAL POTENTIAL AND KINETIC ENERGY OF THE PARTICLES IN AN OBJECT
Term
CHEMICAL ENERGY
Definition
A FORM OF POTENTIAL ENERGY THAT IS STORED IN CHEMICAL BONDS BETWEEN ATOMS
Term
ELECTRICAL ENERGY
Definition
THE ENERGY OF MOVING ELECTRICAL CHARGES
Term
ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY
Definition
A FORM OF ENERGY THAT TRAVELS THROUGH SPACE AS WAVES
Term
NUCLEAR ENERGY
Definition
THE POTENTIAL ENERGY STORED IN THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM
Term
ENERGY TRANSFORMATION
Definition
THE PROCESS OF CHANGING ONE FORM OF ENERGY TO ANOTHER
Term
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
Definition
THE RULE THAT ENERGY CANT BE CREATED OR DESTROYED
Term
FOSSIL FUELS
Definition
A MATERIAL SUCH AS COAL THAT FORMS OVER MILLIONS OF YEARS FROM THE REMAINS OF ANCIENT PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Term
POWER
Definition
THE RATE AT WHICH ONE FORM OF ENERGY IS TRANSFORMED INTO ANOTHER; THE RATE AT WHICH WORK IS DONE
Term
THERMAL EXPANSION
Definition
THE EXPANSION OF MATTER WHEN IT IS HEATED
Term
HEAT
Definition
THERMAL ENERGY THAT IS TRANSFERRED FROM MATTER AT A HIGHER TEMPERATURE TO MATTER AT A LOWER TEMPERATURE
Term
MELTING
Definition
THE CHANGE FROM ONE SOLID TO A LIQUID STATE OF MATTER
Term
EVAPORATION
Definition
THE PROCESS THAT OCCURS WHEN VAPORIZATION TAKES PLACE ONLY ON THE SURFACE OF A LIQUID
Term
CONVECTION
Definition
THE TRANSFER OF HEAT BY THE MOVEMENT OF CURRENTS WITHIN A FLUID
Term
REFRIGERANT
Definition
THE SUBSTANCE THAT ABSORBS AND RELEASES HEAT IN A COOLING SYSTEM
Term
INSULATOR
Definition
A MATERIAL THAT DOES NOT CONDUCT HEAT WELL A MATERIAL THROUGH WHICH CHARGES CANT EASILY FLOW
Term
HEAT ENGINE
Definition
A DEVICE THAT CONVERTS THERMAL INTO MECHANICAL ENERGY
Term
ABSOLUTE 0
Definition
THE TEMPERATURES AT WHICH NO MORE ENERGY CAN BE REMOVED FORM MATTER
Term
CONDUCTOR
Definition
A MATERIAL THAT CONDUCTS HEAT WELL A MATERIAL THROUGH WHICH CHARGES CAN EASILY FLOW
Term
CHANGE OF STATE
Definition
THE PHYSICAL CHANGE OF MATTER FROM ONE STATE TO ANOTHER
Term
TEMPERATURE
Definition
A MEASURE OF THE AVERAGE ENERGY OF MOTION OF THE PARTICLES OF A SUBSTANCE.
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