Term
| - frequency distribution displays |
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Definition
Pie charts, bar graphs and histograms are all considered to be:
- correlation graphs
- frequency distribution displays
- tables
- longitudinal study graphs |
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Term
| - visually displays the number of times a value occurs in the data |
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Definition
a frequency distribution display or a frequency curve:
- only documents changes over time
- has external validity
- documents outliers that appear in the data
- visually displays the number of times a value occurs in the data |
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Term
| - continuous or interval/ratio data |
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Definition
Histograms are a visual display of:
- conclusions drawn from the results of the data
- continuous or interval/ratio
- categorical or nominal data
- correlation data |
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Term
| - categorical or nominal data |
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Definition
Bar charts display:
- conclusions drawn from the results of the data
- continuous or interval/ratio
- categorical or nominal data
- correlation data |
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Term
| - measurement of the dependent variable |
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Definition
The null hypothesis states that there is no difference btwn the two study groups in:
- confounding variables
- number of subjects
- measurement of the independent variable
- measurement of the dependent variable |
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Term
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Definition
General goal(s) for research is/are to:
- promote the health of public by improving education, service, practice and delivery
- contribute techniques and practices of identifying, preventing and treating oral disease
- develop and test theories
- all of the above |
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Term
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Definition
cross-sectional studies can show cause and effect because potential risk factors (independent variables) are measured before disease occurs (outcome variable).
- true
- false |
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Term
| - is the presentation of the results with comments |
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Definition
the discussion section of a journal article:
- is a short summary of the article
- is the presentation of the results with no comments
- is the presentation of the results with comments
- is considered to be a review of the literature
- is the listing of all authors of a journal article |
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Term
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Definition
a journal article that contains headings titled "Material and Methods," "Results," and "Conclusions" in a journal article indicates that the article is a(an):
- opinion article
- information article
- research study article
- case study article
- review of the literature article |
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Term
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Definition
a well-written research study article should include an extensive review of the pertinent literature. a review of the literature article usually has a comprehensive, extensive reference list:
- 1st T, 2nd F
- 1st F, 2nd T
- both T
- both F |
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Term
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Definition
a cross-sectional study studies a cross-section of a population in a limited period of time.
- T
- F |
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Term
| - descriptive research approach |
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Definition
a trend study is a(an):
- historical research approach
- descriptive research approach
- true experimental research approach
- quasi-experimental research approach |
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Term
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Definition
evidence based decision making in dental hygiene practice:
- relies on ability to understand what is written in the SciLit
- relies on the premise that all patients are to be treated exactly alike
- relies on scientific evidence to support clinical decision making
- integrates experience with current research findings
- all of the above
- only a, c, and d are correct |
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Term
| - lacking in control of extraneous variables |
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Definition
the quasi-experimental approach differs from a true experimental approach by:
- more completely controlling for extraneous variables
- lacking in control of extraneous variables
- investigating differences to determine possible causes
- gathering information on the patterns |
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Term
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Definition
epidemiologic research:
- gathers information on the patterns of health and disease in populations
- can be a cross-sectional or cohort descriptive study
- can be observational or experimental
- can be a clinical or intervention trial
- all of the above |
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Term
| - protect the rights of research subjects |
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Definition
the purpose of IRB is to:
- select study volunteers in a random fashion
- make sure evidence-based care is practiced in the dental school
- gather information on health and disease patterns in the dental school
- protect the rights of research subjects |
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Term
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Definition
the UDM has an IRB review process. a project information summary describes the research plan and contains a copy of the informed consent form.
- 1st T, 2nd F
- 1st F, 2nd T
- both T
- both F |
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Term
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Definition
random sampling and random assignment to experimental groups in research can help reduce.
- bias
- blindness
- control groups
- measurements
- statistical significance |
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Term
| - is peer reviewed or referred |
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Definition
a professional journal can be considered reputable if there is evidence that it:
- is popular among practitioners in the field
- refers readers to authors from other fields
- is peer review or referred
- has an editor |
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Term
| - read and critique each article before publication |
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Definition
members of the editorial review board of a refereed journal:
- read and critique each article before publication
- protect the rights of research subjects
- make sure articles are easy for the reader to read
- help keep advertising to a minimum |
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Term
| - if the references are indicated for historical purposes |
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Definition
it is important that a research study article includes a review of the literature. while recent references (less than 5 years) are important, the reference list may include older references:
- if the purpose of the study is clearly stated
- if the researchers are trying to eliminate bias
- if the same researcher write the old article
- if the references are indicated for historical purposes |
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Term
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Definition
if a research study is well written, the reader should be able to figure out:
- all of the details of the study just by reading the abstract
- the purpose of the study or the question to be answered
- the null hypothesis
- both b/c correct
- both a/c correct |
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Term
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Definition
bias that results from inappropriately diagnosing a subject as diseased when he/she is healthy is called:
- misclassification bias
- subject selection
- confounding bias |
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Term
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Definition
imagine that you are a researcher intending to study how frequency dental patients usually schedule dental hygiene recall appointments. you decide that because there are so many dental patients who come to the UDMSoD clinics that would be a good place to draw your sample from. This would be called:
- biased sampling
- convenience sampling
- population sampling
- conclusions sampling
- statistical sampling |
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Term
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Definition
after being trained in the technique of using a periodontal probe to collect data for a research study, a dental hygienist can take measurements that are the same time and again, no matter how many times she repeats them. This is an example of:
- confidentiality
- an interval/ratio scale of measurement
- intrarater reliability
- interrater reliability
- validity |
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Term
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Definition
extraneous variables are those which:
- are uncontrolled or unrecognized by researchers
- might influence the outcome of the study
- might influence the dependent variable
- are not related to the purpose of the study
- all of the above |
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Term
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Definition
the following measurements: hight in measured in feet, body weights measure in pounds, or pocket depths measured in millimeters are examples:
- nominal data
- ordinal data
- interval-ratio |
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Term
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Definition
imagine that the data collection in a research project includes documenting types of bacteria found in the research subjects mouth. after the bacteria from each mouth are cultured, the data is separated into categories identified by the name of each of the bacteria found. the level of these data is:
- nominal
- ordinal
- interval/ratio
- none of the above |
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Term
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Definition
fundamental research is concerned with the application of research to practical situations.
- true
- false |
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Term
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Definition
in the development of the research problem, which of the following is not considered:
- past work in similar area
- literature review of what is known in the area of interest
- feasibility of problem in terms of financial resources, time, facilities ability
- IRB approval |
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Term
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Definition
the null hypothesis is rejected if a difference is discovered. a hypothesis stated in the positive can indicate bias:
- both T
- both F
- 1st T, 2nd F
- 1st F, 2nd T |
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Term
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Definition
a case control study is considered a prospective study because it focuses on the independent variable and the causes of the outcome:
- true
- false |
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Term
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Definition
in a cross-sectional study, the dependent and independent variable are measured at the same time:
- t
- f |
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Term
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Definition
the research proposal includes all of the following except:
- statement of problem
- methods and material
- conclusions
- significance of problem
- operational definitions |
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Term
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Definition
the independent variable is the outcome or object of change that is observed The depended variable is the factor capable of producing or causing change.
- 1st T, 2nd F
- 1st F, 2nd T
- both T
- both F |
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Term
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Definition
values on a survey instrument that include "severe, moderate and mild" are considered which of the following:
- ratio
- ordinal
- interval
- nominal |
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Term
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Definition
in a blind-experiment, the observer of the measurements does not know in which group (experimental or control) the subjects have been placed. in a double-blind study, neither the researcher nor the subject know who is receiving the experimental or placebo treatment.
- both T
- both F
- 1st T, 2nd F
- 1st F, 2nd T |
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Term
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Definition
in judging a scientific article an opinion piece is considered at the highest level of reliable evidence.
- t
- f |
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Term
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Definition
the purpose of the informed consent is to:
- inform participants of possible benefits of the study
- give advance information to participants about any potential risks
- review the written research protocol
- a/b
- a/c |
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Term
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Definition
in regards to level of evidence, when judging a research study, a well-designed, controlled, randomized trial is considered equal to a descriptive study.
- t
- f |
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Term
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Definition
likert scales are commonly used to quantify attitudes and behaviors
- t
- f |
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Term
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Definition
imagine that the data collection in a research project includes documenting types of bacteria found in the research subjects' mouths. after the bacteria from each mouth are cultured, the data is separated into categories identified by the name of each of the bacteria found. the level of measurement of these data is:
- nominal
- ordinal
- interval/ratio
- none of the above |
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