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Modersohn Becker- German
German Expressionism- 1900-1945
Compared to Bobahn- Abstract, easy to recognize
intentionally expressive, primitive, search for self truth like a contiuation of romanticism.
Nude Portryal- very bold, breaks all moral taboos, burn herself physcially and emotionally
Abstract Style: she is nature and looks natural, moves away from conventions, influence of tribal arts |
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Matisse- French
Faurism- small group of french painters..wild beasts
-Avant Garde, post impressionism
color was huge, influence of tribal arts
ABSTRACT, best known for simplifying shapes and intense color, patterning and nude women.
Joyful subject matter: wanted you too look at painting and be happy |
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Kandinsky- Russian
German expressionism 1900-1945
viewer creates meaning through free association with colors.
influence of M. Composition: makes it flow like listening to music |
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Picasso- Spanish, working in France Period: Cubism, analytic phase Abstract- based on something real, a seated woman in fragmented form -Very Skilled and Educated Oil On canvas |
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Picasso
Collage- Pieces of paper pasted on cardboard
now anything can be art, very influential see notes
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Boccioni-Italian, Futerism title left vague for a reason Internationalization of cubism
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Russian
Constructivism
Non-Representational Style -A room assemblage, very interested in form, movement, space(like Boccioni) -Ultimately, he wanted viewers to experience a change in themselves after witnessing his art paid by Soviets to do work on posters
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duchamp- French, dada period( influence of all aspects of cubism (collage, assemblage) -assemblage, ready made -appropriation- selection and use of preexisting objects - stressed importance of ideas and process in art -felt WW1 was unneccesary and absurd
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Mondrain- Dutch De Stijl- Period Name and group of Dutch Artists Influence of Cubism- Geometric Style and Order Makes it Universal Language...reduction to essential elements Sub Matter: perfect harmony of opposites, dynamic equillibrium
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Wright- American -continuation of American Style -many sources of ideas, eclectic personal style influences Patron: Coughman, wealthy chicago biz owner Location: PA Use of Natural site/materials: stone from site, concrete, glass steel, int'l style Cantilever Tech- No support at the end of object bc it is so strong
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Spanish
hand done color photography
veristic surrealism
juxtaposition of influence is the influence of collage
does "landscapes of the mind"
Freudian theory...subconscious mind
oil on canvas |
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Spanish-
Surrealist
Freudian Theory
tech-oil on canvas
style: abstract
influence of collage-
tech- automatic drawing- doodling, letting subconscious guide the pen |
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German Mexican in Mexico(split parents)
NOT part of official surrealist group
a 'natural' surrealist-
psychological self portrait-
self taught
sub matter: double ego (euro/mexican) |
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American
Abstract Expressionism- first avant garde style in US (torch passed)
Action painting-
work usually large scale, 17 ft long
unconventional tech and material- pouring paint on raw,uncoated, unstretched canvas
autographic process- like an autograph, personal unique record of his emotion and movement
sub matter- record of his emotions and movements, it is like his handwriting (unique and personal)
eclectic influence- influenced by everywhere and everything
nonrepresentational style
fractals- pattern geometric
NOT TITLED |
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American woman
Color Field Painting (period and style)
2nd wave of abstract expressionist artist, learned from OGs like Pollock
Soaked paint into large, raw canvas (influenced by Pollock)
Abstract Style-NOT non representational, she titles the work unlike Pollock |
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Mies and Johnson- Meis German Johnson American
"International Style" in US after WW2
Steel Cage Construction- cage of steel that makes building stand
Function- Corporate HQ for Seagrams
Sub Matter: corporate system of modernism and efficiency
"curtain wall"- sheeth of glass wrapped around steel cage
mateiral- concrete, steel etc.
geometrical simplicity- no applied design |
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Warhol-American, started as commercial designer/marketing
Pop Art
-first avante garde style ANYWHERE to have IMMEDIATE popularity
-Use of commercial art techniques in fine art, appropriation of already existing images/faces.
-Stressed the relationship between art, mass media and pop culture...used oil on canvas (fine art) with silk screen and pop culture icon(mass media)
Influence of Duchamp- appropriation of already existing images, presented as new, own piece of art.
DUCHAMP WAS ONE OF MOST INFLUENTIAL IN ALL CENTURY |
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Morris- American
Minimal Art Period
reduction of art to essential form
not representational..not intended to be anything
no intended symbolic sub matter- morris wrote a lot, this work is what you see is what you see. No underlying message.
questioned role of artist in age of mass media, culture and commercial art structure- influenced by Duchamp who also questioned role of artist
It was almost like..what else is there left to do? We have been to the extreme of non rep art(Pop Art), and extreme of realism (Warhol) |
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Smithson- American, Earthwork, SELF FUNDED
-earthwork-sense of importance because it cannot be bought or owned
-reconnect to themes of ancient art linking human culture, nature, environment and myth together- spiral has been a symbol of life, growth for all time, he uses this to bring new life to this lifeless site.
-working outside gallery system- in very remote area of Salt Lake, no one can own
-earthworks rep large scale, collaborative, self funded, documented social and political works of art. |
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Gropius- German, final director of school/architecture
Period: International Style
-Gov't sponsored building for school of art and Design in Kizos
-very influential, taught theory and principles, functional protypes of mass production
materials: reinforced concrete, glass, steel
style: no applied design, geometrical, influence of cubism
order vocab was dominant...only allowed to use steel, concrete, glass and spray paint white |
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Chicago
-Feminist Art
-Large scale project
-influence of feminism-document the history of women in western culture
-Single most important art in 1970's women movement
-use of mass media to inform and educate public about social issues, raise awareness
-self funded
-collaborative process-very detailed, making placesettings, weaving, embroidery
use of multimedia-ceramics, embroidery, weaving techniques |
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Baca- American
-documentation
-Mural Art
-Latina activist, artist
- not self funded
-hired youth at risk kids to work
-collaborative-artists and amateurs
sub matter- alternative history of CA
acrylic paint
patron: ________ |
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Christo and Jean Claude- Married team of BULGARIAN
-Installation Art
-TEMPORARY placement of matierals in space
-site specific, only can exist at specific space
-self funded..sell documentation of the work
-artists take responsibility for total life cycle of the art- building, presentation, take down
-26 miles |
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Beuys- German..artist and teacher
Performance Art- art that includes physical space as well as human activity in that space, usually the artist performing.
-creates and uses ritual for benefit society, he was a modern shaman. For Global Healing.
visual artist participating in artwork- visual artists make this, not actors or performers.
element of real time- happening right now
influence of assemblage to include a variety of unconventional materials (live coyote), processes, techniques- "assemblage of events" influence of collage taken to a live level.
healing big part of this art- coyote symbolizes indigenous America, and the interaction that occurs with European colonization |
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Linn- American, architecture student
-competition for vietnam memorial, she won
-influence of minimal art
PUBLIC art- but paid for by PRIVATE money..not publically funded
-Private Organization funded it
-Polished black granite- reflective
subject matter: names of American military casualties in Vietnam War
-not like a typical heroic sculpture bc it is simple |
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Paik- Korean, father of video art
Video Art/installation
-32 ft long- large scale, 300 moniters
-social/political content- TVs programmed to display state associated image
-influence of information/image generating technologies -element of real time,
-materials and techniques.
assemblage- unconvetional material technique
"catho ray tube replacing the canvas" |
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Gehry- Canadian
Post-Modernism Period
uses aspects of International Style, but expands into
eclectic/personal approach to design- many different sources, very personal,
techniques and materials-
patron- Guggenheim foundation (private money), City of Spain (public money)/unlikely marriage
function- Art Museum |
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Van Eyck (from Flanders)Flemmish
32 inches high
Tech/Matieral- Oil Painting on Wood Panel..he did not invent but was one of the first
Pigment mixed with linseed oil
Patron- Middle class merchant, man on the left
Sub Matter- double portait of patron and his fiancee
posing to commemorate exhange of vows
green dress=symbol of fertility
Hidden Symbolism- ordinary objects represent religious symbolism. |
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Location: Florence, Italy
Patron: Middle Class Civic Group, paid him to do public work of art for city of Florence
Function: to be displayed in public and to represent Florence.
18 feet high in total, David himself 12 ft.
Sub. Matter- Show David BEFORE fight w/Goliath. Symbolizes confidence, victory etc.
Style: Contrappasto, perfect symmetry and balance, detailed face
Matieral: Marble Stone Block
Tech- Carving |
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Rembrandt- Dutch from holland, protestant, independent thinker, documented himself with >100 self portraits,
Patronage: no patron, never put up for sale
Sub Matter: religious theme, story of prodigal son coming back asking for forgiveness from his father-new testament
style: typical baroque, dark background, use of color, but has an element of softness, a glow.
Rembrandt also known as a print maker, etching technique. An etching is done with an etching needle, scratching through wax on a metal plate. |
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Delacroix- french, most important artist in french romanticism
Romanticism
Sub Matter: contemporary political event, but a symbol from Greek culture, victory symbol of liberty. Present w. a symbol from the past. delacroix was eye witness
Painterly style
tech- oil painting
10x8 ft.
NOT A HISTORY PAINTING...it is contemporary at the time. |
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Courbet- French
REALISM period
Sub Matter: contemporary event, eye witness by artist, everyday life, burial
style: genre painting (everyday life) rough, crude
21 ft.
self taught artist
idea of the modern, courbet believed in it. "to be of one's time," "heroism of modern life" show me an angel, and I will paint one.
tech: oil painting |
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Manet- French, influenced by courbet, he was a bridge from realism to impressionism, liked to document the modern
as opposed to courbet, he was very well educated and well trained
Innovations: modernize art
Impressionism Period
subject matter: genre, everyday people, takes a woman who is ideal and makes her genre.
Avant-garde- the leading edge
Influence of Photography: looking at what actually does..whitest and darkest areas look flat
influence on Japanese Prints: no background perspective,flattening of shapes and space
Oil Painting Tech- leaves canvas white before he starts to paint, traditionally there was a background wash,
reality is, painting is flat |
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Monet- French
Impressionism
sub matter: what is light doing? not concerned with whats in the picture, but how the light reacts to what is in the picture.
Primary Colors: Red, Yellow, Blue
Secondary Colors: Green, Orange, Violet
Style: based on primary and secondary 6 colors
Tech: Broken brush work, up close looks like mess, far away you see the picture |
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Gaugin- stock broker turned painter, french,
Post Impressionist
search for personal authenticty
intentionally primitive-flattened, simple reflects how people living simple, primitive lives are actually more authentic than those in the city.
all from memory, not really there. lots of symbolism.
abstract style and expressive arbitrary color, very bright |
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Van Gogh- Dutch, art dealer turned painter
Style: Expressionism, worked
predominantly from nature filtered through personal emotions, expressive arbitrary and symbolic color
broken brush work
color expresses emotion |
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Partheon by Kallicrates and Ittinos
450-400 BCE
Patron: Pericles(elected leader of Athens)
location: acropolis over looking Athens
style: Dorie Order (pediment, frieze, capital)
-perfect porportional ratio
function: place of worship, treasury, temple
Tech- post and lintel
Matierals: solid marble
symbolizes Great Victory
Innovation/refinements: no straight lines, all columns lean in, base of each middle section is raised, last 2 columns of each row closer |
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Roman with Busts of Ancestors
Patron- Man Standing
Subject Matter- 3 portraits, patrician and 2 ancestors
Function- to honor, ancestor memorial
Style- Intense Realism |
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Pantheon
function: temple, place of worship for all Gods
Location: Rome
Patron- Emperor
Style- Greek orders
Tech- Vault Construction, dome vault
matierals- stone, brick, concrete, marble veneer |
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Chartres W. Facade
-front entry way
Location: Chartres, France
Sub Matter: symbolic theory of scholasticsm
function: place of worship, pligrimage site
patrons: Church AND state-french king
Matieral: Stone block, wood |
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Snake Goddess: 11 in high
Original location: in a shrine room in the palace of minos
Subject matter: picture of ritual goddess, some kind of fertility ritual
Function: used in rituals
Style: influenced by the column and cylinder style, and curvilinear style
Material: ceramic
Artists: probably women |
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| Spear Bearer by Polykleitos |
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-style: contrapposto, nude, life size, freestanding, perfect proportions to human body 1:7 (head is 1/7 of the body)
- artist: demonstrating his genius, confident
- Only have copies now
- Material: carved marble, copy of the original made by the Romans
- Original was made of bronze
- Hollow, cast in pieces
- had a spear, had no support
- Subject matter: be the perfect warrior athlete |
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| Innovations of style and technique- pointed arch, flying buttress- pilgrimage plan style (relics and a place to view the relic) |
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Paleolithic-
Location: Franch
Tech Materials: anything found in nature
Subject Matter: animals they hunted or sued
Function: ritualistic, fertility and sucess in the hunt
style: abstraction, line, simplist form |
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Period: Old Kingdom
Location: Geza
Sub Matter- connecting earth to God
Function- tombs
style: perfect balance/ symmetry
patron: 3 pharoahs
Material: stone block |
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Sumerian
Sub Matter/Symbolism- defensive, raised high for floods, "sacred mountain" connect god with earth
Materials: formed walls with earth reinforced with sun dried brick
functions: place of worship, court of law, center of education. |
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Romanesque
Patron: head of monastery, head monk
subject matter: pic of head monk on right side holding ink bowl
bottom middle is St. John, inspiration of book preached by God
left eagle
function, page of codex..prayer book of head monk
materials: parchment
made in scriptorium |
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