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Seminar-ACT words
Seminar-ACT words
48
Other
10th Grade
01/26/2009

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Term
vacuous \VAK-yoo-uhs\, adjective
Definition

1. showing no intelligence or thought

2. having no meaning or direction; empty

 

The Pennsylvania campaign, which produced yet another inconclusive result on Tuesday, was even meaner, more vacuous, more desperate, and more filled with pandering than the mean, vacuous, desperate, pander-filled contests that preceded it. -

 

from Latin vacuus "empty, void, free." Figurative sense of "empty of ideas"

Term
wanton \WON-tn\, adjective;
Definition

1. reckless, heartless, or malicious; without reason or excuse

2. not moral; lewd, lascivious

 

"Such (a) stand and attitude are leading to the grave, wanton violation of all the north-south agreements," the report said.

Term
yielding \YEEL-ding\, adjective
Definition

1. not resisting; compliant

2. not stiff or rigid; easily bent or shaped

 

While he forecasts that lower yielding stocks are likely to bounce more when the markets recover, he says the emphasis on dividends is part of a longer-term trend driven by four key factors.

Term
acclaim \uh-KLEYM\, verb
Definition

1. to welcome with loud approval; praise highly

2. a shout or show of approval

 

A day after abandoning his proposal to give driver's licenses to illegal immigrants, Gov. Eliot Spitzer won the kind of wide acclaim from elected officials that he could not win for the proposal itself.

Term
bemoan \bi-MOHN\, verb
Definition

to moan about or weep for; mourn

 

The tower's approval came despite opposition from residents and some city leaders who bemoan the proliferation of cell towers in the city, especially when they are placed near homes.

Term
chaff \chaf\, noun, verb
Definition

1. the stiff strawlike part of grains such as wheat, oats, rye

2. to make good-natured fun of someone

3. worthless material; detritus

 

Chaff is separated from the grain by threshing. It's hard to separate the chaff from the wheat sometimes. The kids chaffed the exchange student for her mistakes in grammar.

Term
defalcate \di-FAL-keyt\, verb
Definition
to steal or misuse money or property entrusted to one's care

 

 

The stockbroker defalcated millions from investment clients.

Term
virtuoso \vur-choo-OH-soh\, noun, adjective
Definition

1. a person skilled in the techniques of an art, esp. playing a musical instrument; by extension, a person with a cultivated appreciation of artistry
2. showing mastery in artistic skills

 

 

They applauded the virtuoso's performance.

Term
unwitting \uhn-WIT-ing\, adjective
Definition

not knowing; unaware; unintentional

 

We are unwitting victims of the system.

Term
erstwhile \URST-hwahyl\, adjective, adverb
Definition
former

 

Before I move, I will tell off my erstwhile friends.
Term
toady \TOH-dee\, noun, verb
Definition

1. a fawning flatterer; humble dependent
2. to attempt to gain favor by fawning or being servile

 

The freshman was the senior's toady even though many made fun of her.

Term
osteopath \OS-tee-uh-path\, noun
Definition

a practitioner specializing in treatment chiefly by manipulation of the bones and muscles

 

An osteopath considers that the structure and functions of the body are interdependent and any structural deformity may lead to functional breakdown.

Term
tome \tohm\, noun
Definition

a large, often scholarly, book

 

An unabridged dictionary is a tome.

Term
froward \FROH-werd\, adjective
Definition

not easily managed; contrary

 

 The mule is a froward animal.
Term
tautological \taw-TOL-uh-guh-kuhl\, adjective
Definition
unnecessarily or uselessly repetitive

Perhaps the very term novel of ideas is tautological, for what novel is barren of ideas, unshaped by ideas?

Term
consternation \kon-ster-NEY-shuhn\, noun
Definition

sudden dread or paralyzing terror

 To our consternation, the phone rang just as we were about to leave.
Term
burnish \BUR-nish\, verb, noun
Definition

1. to make shiny by polishing
2. a polish or shine

 A burnish on the copper pots made them very attractive.The craftsman burnished and refurbished metalworks.
Term
interminable \in-TUR-muh-nuh-buhl\, adjective
Definition

so long as to seem endless; never stopping

 The mother-in-law's talking was interminable.
Term
expurgate \EK-sper-geyt\, verb
Definition

to remove objectionable words or passages from a document

 Grimms' fairy tales have been expurgated for children.
Term
ellipsis \i-LIP-sis\, noun
Definition

three dots used to show an omission in writing or printing; the omission of a word or words in text

 

 

These efforts are to no avail, however, because the author can't leave anything unsaid, any ellipsis gaping: sooner or later someone will say what everything means, and maybe more than once.

Term
nocuous \NOK-yoo-uhs\, adjective
Definition

very hurtful; noxious

The most important conclusions are that the bile of nocuous or venomous serpents is the most powerful antidote to venom.

Term
peculate \PEK-yuh-leyt\, verb
Definition
to steal money or goods entrusted to one; embezzle

Not surprisingly, they use their positions to demand bribes and peculate public funds.

Term
openhanded \OH-puhn-HAN-did\, adjective
Definition

1. giving freely; generous
2. done with an open hand

 

 

From his mother's mother he inherited a sense of fete and a gift for cosmopolitan and open-handed hospitality.

Term
declaim \di-KLEYM\, verb
Definition

to orate; to speak in a loud and emotional manner

 

 

What is the clue to understanding a country rife with despair and disrepair, which nonetheless moved a Mughal emperor to declaim, "If on earth there be paradise of bliss, it is this, it is this, it is this ...?"

Term
hidebound \HAHYD-bound\, adjective
Definition

narrow-minded and stubborn

 

 

In recent years, there has been another voice on the scene -- one that has infused this hidebound, somewhat predictable genre with an unsettling energy.

Term
sanguine \SANG-gwin\, adjective, noun
Definition

1. cheerfully optimistic, hopeful, or confident
2. reddish; ruddy
3. (in old physiology) having blood as the predominating humor and consequently being ruddy-faced, cheerful, etc.
4. blood-red; red
5. Heraldry. a reddish-purple tincture.
6. a red iron-oxide crayon used in making drawings

 

 

I had now arrived at my seventeenth year, and had attained my full height, a fraction over six feet. I was well endowed with youthful energy, and was of an extremely sanguine temperament.

Term
temerity \tuh-MER-uh-tee\, noun
Definition

Unreasonable or foolhardy contempt of danger; rashness.

 

 

The elaborate caution with which the British commander now proceeded stands out in striking contrast with the temerity of his advance upon Bunker Hill in the preceding year.

Term
acute \uh-KYOOT\, adjective
Definition

1. acting keenly on the senses; sharp
2. quick in discernment; drawing fine distinctions
3. of an angle, less than 90 degrees
4. happening quickly, briefly, and severely

 

 

I find the pain of a little censure, even when it is unfounded, is more acute than the pleasure of much praise.

Term
parry \PAR-ee\, verb, noun
Definition

1. to ward off; turn aside (as a thrust or weapon)
2. the act of warding off

 

 

I am not saying the whole group's survival is at stake. But we have to act today if we are to parry the harder onslaught of our competitors tomorrow.

Term
martial \MAHR-shuhl\, adjective
Definition

suitable or used for war; warlike

 

 

But he lay like a warrior taking his rest, With his martial cloak around him.

Term
pedestrian \puh-DES-tree-uhn\, noun, adjective
Definition

1. a person who gets about on foot; walker
2. going on foot; walking
3. without imagination; dull

You know, the fact that every morning you get a script in your mailbox, that's going to stop. All these little pedestrian, mundane things. And the cash.
Term
incisive \in-SAHY-siv\, adjective
Definition

1. penetrating; cutting; biting; trenchant
2. remarkably clear and direct; sharp; keen; acute
3. adapted for cutting or piercing
4. of or pertaining to the incisors

 

It is difficult to produce a television documentary that is both incisive and probing when every twelve minutes one is interrupted by twelve dancing rabbits singing about toilet paper.

Term
ululate \UL-yuh-layt; YOOL-\, intransitive verb
Definition

To howl, as a dog or a wolf; to wail; as, ululating jackals.

 

He had often dreamed of his grieving family visiting his grave, ululating as only the relatives of martyrs may.

Term
florid \FLOR-id\, adjective
Definition

1. Flushed with red; of a lively reddish color.
2. Excessively ornate; flowery; as, "a florid style; florid eloquence."

 

The Reverend Mr Kidney is a short round bowlegged man with black muttonchop whiskers and a florid face, like a pomegranate, into which he has poured a great quantity of brandy and lesser amounts of whisky and claret.

Term
elucidate \ih-LOO-si-dayt\, transitive verb
Definition

To make clear or manifest; to render more intelligible; to illustrate; as, an example will elucidate the subject.

 

He thought that film's promise and purpose was to elucidate the real, to reveal the patterns already before us, and he believed that unity of space and time were paramount.

Term
tetchy \TECH-ee\, adjective
Definition

Peevish; testy; irritable.

 

Waugh's tetchy and combative personality made him a difficult companion at arms.

Term
inanition \in-uh-NISH-uhn\, noun
Definition

1. The condition or quality of being empty.
2. Exhaustion, as from lack of nourishment.
3. Lack of vitality or spirit.

 

The problem that faces British universities is not that they have become fat and lazy, but that they have been starved beyond lean efficiency into inanition.

Term
cormorant \KOR-mur-unt; -muh-rant\, noun
Definition

1. Any species of Phalacrocorax, a genus of sea birds having a sac under the beak; the shag. Cormorants devour fish voraciously, and have become the emblem of gluttony. They are generally black, and hence are called sea ravens, and coalgeese.
2. A gluttonous, greedy, or rapacious person.

 

Coleridge was precocious and from the first displayed a voracious appetite for books. He later characterised himself as "a library cormorant."

Term
libation \ly-BAY-shun\, noun
Definition

1. The act of pouring a liquid (usually wine) either on the ground or on a victim in sacrifice to some deity; also, the wine or liquid thus poured out.
2. A beverage, especially an alcoholic beverage.
3. An act or instance of drinking.

 

Hearing that the train had lost one of its engines and that the remainder of the trip would be very slow, I headed for the bar car for a libation and a snack or two to soothe my growing hunger pangs.

Term
diatribe \DAHY-uh-trahyb\, noun
Definition

a bitter verbal attack or speech

 

It wasn't an argument, it was a diatribe. I've never seen anything like it. It's an insult to you (the jury).

Term
aegis \EE-jis\, noun
Definition

1. Protection; support.
2. Sponsorship; patronage.
3. Guidance, direction, or control.
4. A shield or protective armor; -- applied in mythology to the shield of Zeus.

 

It is this ideal of the human under the aegis of something higher which seems to me to provide the strongest counterpressure against the fragmentation and barbarization of our world.

Term
propinquity \pruh-PING-kwih-tee\, noun
Definition

1. Nearness in place; proximity.
2. Nearness in time.
3. Nearness of relation; kinship.

 

Following the race he took umbrage at Stewart's rough driving so early in the day, and the propinquity of the two drivers' haulers allowed the Kid to express his displeasure up close and personal.

Term
tumult \TOO-mult; TYOO-mult\, noun:
Definition

1. The commotion or agitation of a crowd, usually accompanied with great noise, uproar, and confusion of voices; hurly-burly; noisy confusion.
2. Violent commotion or agitation, with confusion of sounds; as, "the tumult of the elements."
3. Irregular or confused motion; agitation; high excitement; as, "the tumult of the spirits or passions."
--tumultuous, adjective

Just imagine, reader, a reduction of the centuries and a parade of all of them, all races, all passions, the tumult of empires, the war of appetites and hates, the reciprocal destruction of creatures and things.

Term
thaumaturgy \THAW-muh-tuhr-jee\, noun:
Definition

The performance of miracles or magic.

 

Of course, none of these improbable meetings ever took place in reality. But within the realm of showbiz thaumaturgy, they're perfectly acceptable examples of latter-day digital compositing, wherein it's possible to have anything share a frame of film or video with practically anything else.

Term
spoonerism \SPOO-nuh-riz-uhm\, noun:
Definition

The transposition of usually initial sounds in a pair of words.

 

Some examples:

We all know what it is to have a half-warmed fish ["half-formed wish"] inside us.

A well-boiled icicle ["well-oiled bicycle"].

It is kisstomary to cuss ["customary to kiss"] the bride.

Is the bean dizzy ["dean busy"]?

When the boys come back from France, we'll have the hags flung out ["flags hung out"]!

Let me sew you to your sheet ["show you to your seat"].

Term
nescience \NESH-uhn(t)s; NESH-ee-uhn(t)s\, noun:
Definition

Lack of knowledge or awareness; ignorance.

 

The ancients understood that too much knowledge could actually impede human functioning -- this at a time when the encroachments on global nescience were comparatively few.

Term
chimerical \ky-MER-ih-kuhl; -MIR-; kih-\, adjective:
Definition

1. Merely imaginary; produced by or as if by a wildly fanciful imagination; fantastic; improbable or unrealistic.
2. Given to or indulging in unrealistic fantasies or fantastic schemes.

 

But those risks are real, not chimerical.

Term
impugn \im-PYOON\, transitive verb:
Definition

To attack by words or arguments; to call in question; to make insinuations against; to oppose or challenge as false; to gainsay.

As might be expected of fanatical flag idolaters, the GAR did not accept refusals lightly, and in one instance in Illinois impugned the patriotic loyalty of recalcitrant local school administrators by spreading rumors that one of them was a foreign alien yet to be naturalized and the other a draft dodger who evaded Civil War service by fleeing to Canada.

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