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Analyses are done on a post hoc basis without the benefit of pre-stated hypotheses. These analyses are usually considered unacceptable. |
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The difference between a true value and that obtained as a result of faulty design of a study. |
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Bias due to systematic error(s) in methods of ascertainment, diagnosis, or verification of cases in an epidemiological study. |
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The process of determining health status and the factors responsible for producing it. |
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A variable in which there are only two levels or categories. |
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One determinant is directly associated with an outcome without any intermediate determinants. |
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Transmitting an agent directly from the host to the susceptible. For example, person-to-person transmission by direct contact. |
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A relationship in which a change in amount , intensity, or duration of exposure is associated with a change—either an increase or a decrease—in risk of a specified outcome. |
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