• founder = sigmund freud
• Human behavior is motivated by instincts & drives

• BF Skinner
• Theorists who believe that behaviors are learned and can be altered

Albert Bandura

Both external and internal events influence our behavior

• imitation and identification are important in the development of sexuality

Theorists hold that people differ in how they process info, this creates personality differences

• Behavior results in how we perceive and conceptualize what is happening around us

Incorporates both evolution and sociology & looks for trends in behavior

• Sexuality exists for the purpose of reproducing species and passing on genes

Interested in how the society in which we live in influences sexual behavior.

• believe that sexology is dominated by the white, middle-class, heterosexist

• Human behavior is motivated by Libido (sexual motivation) & Thanatos (aggressiveness motivation)
• Personality Formation
• Id(unconscious desires)-Ego(mediator of id&se)-Supergo(conscience)
• Psychoanalysis
• psychotherapy that reveals unconscious
• Freuds Psychosexual Development
• oral-anal-phallic-latency-genital

• 1957, published first evidence that homosexuality is not a disorder

• conducted study on the influences of homosexuality

• 1st modern scientists to observe and measure the acts of sexual intercourse in a lab

• 22 are autosomes + 1 pair of sex chromosomes=46 chromosomes
• Gametes contain half of our DNA
• female=egg, male=sperm
• If male (7-8weeks in womb)
• If female (10-11weeks in womb)
• Gonads determine development

the male and femalensex glands

i.e. ovaires/testes

a child w/gonads of one sex but ambiguous external genitalia

--also referred to as a disorder of sexual development

male/female reproductive cell

--spermatozoon/ovum

--also called germ cell

a hormone that promotes the development of male genitals and secondary sex characteristics

--produced by testes in men and by the adrenal glands in both men and women

a genetic disorder in men in which there are 3 sex chromosomes (xxy)

--characterized by small testes,low sperm,breast enlargement,and absence of facial/body hair

genetic disorder in females where there is only one X chromosome

--characterized by lack of internal female sex organs, infertility, short stature, and mental retardation

• multiple meanings
• non-conformity
• politicized androgyny
• questioning of gender norms
• may not identify sexual orientation

• life change
• hormone injections
• sex reassignment surgery

• boys and girls learn the appropriate behavior and attitudes from the family and overall culture they grow up with, and so non-physical gender differences are a product of socialization.

• we learn gender from oue environment (rewards/punishment)

assumes that all children go through universal pattern of development

--follow ideas of Piaget

--Sandra Bem

--a cognitive mechanism that develops through growth and helps us understand our gender roles

• gay = 5-10%
• bi = 1-3%
• hetero = 87-90%

• Kinsey Scale
• all individuals have varying levels of attraction to the same and opposite sex
• mostly everyone is bisexual
• first scale to suggest people engage in complex sexual behaviors that cannot be reduced to gay/straight

•     Overall development – awareness, learning, identification, pride, integration

     Overall Summary:

  –        Reparative therapy has little to no scientific merit.

  –        Reparative therapy poses great risk to the adolescent

on an individual level

--hate crimes

structures in place

--defense of marriage acts, adoption laws, etc

• strong heteosexism within ethnic minority communities
• cultural demands of childbearing & gender roles
• racism in gay community
• leads to:
• leaving one community for the other
• identifying differently in different settings
• different relationship w/family members

thin walled muscular tube that leads from the uterus to the vestibule

--used for intercourse and passgeway

The hollow muscular organ in females that is the site of menstruation, implantation of fertilized ovum, and labor.

--also called womb

two ducts that transport ova from the ovary to the uterus

--also called oviducts

the repository of oocytes/eggs/ova (cell from which ovum develops)

--female born w/almost 250,000 in each ovary

1. Follicular = begins after last cycle complete
2. Ovulation = ovum released
3. Luteal = corpus luteum forms
4. Menstrual = endometrial cells shrink & slough off

• stronger version of PMS
• treatment needed--diet, exercise, medication, masturbation to orgasm

• hot flashes
• dry skin
• heart palpation
• decreased lubrication
• depression
• sleep problems

• osteoporosis
• CHD

• Hormonal Replacement Therapy (HRT)
• medication containing one or more female hormones
• Vitamins & Natural Substances
• Exercise

• the male copulatory & urinary organ
• 3 functions
• elimination of waste
• reproduction
• pleasure

cells responsible for the production of testosterone

--also called Leydig cells

involuntary ejaculations during sleep

--i.e. wet dreams

1. Emission Stage
2. Expulsion Stage

 (see photos on notes)

• Exceptions
• spinal cord injury
• prepubertal boys
• dry orgasm
• retrograde ejaculation

• decrease in testosterone production
• enlargement of prostate gland
• treatment
• testosterone replacement therapy

1. hormones
2. ethnicity
3. religion
4. among others

• desire: distinct, but not required
• excitement
• orgasm

1. excitement
2. plateau
3. orgasm
4. resolution

• based on physiological markers
• not standard for everyone

the first stage of the sexual response cycle

--males = erection

--females = vaginal lubrication

the 2nd stage of the sexual response cycle

--occuring before an orgasm, in which vasocongestion builds up

• vasocongestion: an increase in the blood concentrated in the genitals during sexual activity

the third stage of the sexual response cycle,which involves an intense sensation during the peak of sexual arousal

--results in a release of sexual tension

a model of sexual response, proposed by Helen Singer Kaplan.

--3 phases

                                                 -sexual desire,excitement,orgasm

• Rosemary Basson believed women's motivations for sex are more complex than men's motivations.
• Non-Linear Model:
• women do no feel spontaneous sexual desire
• Instead, a desire for intimacy may lead a woman to seek out, and being receptive to, sexual stimuli which then may lead to sexual arousal