-allows for additional ROM

-prevents anterior displacement of the scapula

-weakest at distal third

-angle formed between humeral shaft and humeral head.

-typically between 130-150 degrees

-need x-ray to measure accuratly

-relationship between axis of elbow joint and GH joint.

(Humeral head and epicondyle)

-ant/post SC ligament

-costoclavicular ligament

-interclavicular ligament

-elevation/depression

-protraction/retraction

-anterior/posterior rotation

-AC ligament

-coracoacromial ligament

-coracoclavicular ligament (breaks down into the conoid, and trapezius)

-3 degrees of freedom: int/ext, flex/ext, abd/add

-ball and socket joint

-deepend by labrum

-SGHL

-MGHL

-IGHL

-coracohumeral ligament

-joint capsule

coordination between dynamic and isometric contraindications of opposing muscle groups to perform a movement.

-Produces joint compression, centers humeral head

-Elevation/depression

-protraction/retraction

-upward/downward rotation

-flexion/extension

-abd/add

-int/ext rotation

-horizontal abd/add

begins as soon as motion starts. Gets the upper and lower body to work together. Hand break at hands, and step back with foot.

-Establishes rhythm.

-positions segements of the body to produce forward propulsion of the body.

hand break going to the start of the throw.

Shoulder 90 degrees abd, 30 degrees horz abd, 90-120 degrees of internal rotation

Max amount of external rotation, shoulders in line with target. Shoulder 90 degrees abd, neutral horz abd, 160 degrees external rotation.

-trunk rotates forward, scapula retracts, elbow flex, wrist extended, leg rotated toward traget.

Scapula protracts, shoulder int rot and horz add, elbow extends, forearm pronates, wrist flexes.

Starts follow through and internal rotation.

Max amount of torque on shoulder in this phase.

Shoulder continues to int rot, and hor add. Elbow flexes and body moves forward.

Want lower half of the body to become square, trunk flexed, shoulders almost parallel to the ground.

-capsule

-ligaments

-labrum

-muscles

-tendons

-falling on an outstretched hand or direct blow

-pain with joint glides and active protratcion/retraction of scapula

-Lands on outstretched arm.

-Blow to acromium process driving inferiorly.

-Blow to clavicle, or acromium

-pain at distal clavicle, ac joint, anterolateral neck, scapula, lateral deltoid.

-"Piano key" sign

result of ligamentous or laberal pathology, capsular instability, or muscular weakness.

-need to strengthen rotator cuff muscles

laxity of ant stabilizing structurse: MGHL, IGHL

(primarily the anterior IGHL)

-Weakness of teh rotator cuff muscles.

Mech: excessive ext rot and abd of humerus

Anterior inferior tear of the labrum due to the IGHL being avulsed.

-Pain, crepitus with humeral head against ant labrum with glide test, load and shift, ext rot test.

Int rot with longitudunal force to humerus (often due to repetitive microtrauma)

Leads to weakness of the subscapularis muscel and damage of the coracohumeral and posterior IGHL.

-Rare. Reverse Hillsachs lesion.

-Anatomical variations, fatigue from overuse, decreased strength, poor scapular biomechanics.

s/s: Pain with overhead motions through arc.

-Decreased upward rotation

-increased anterior tilt.

-Increased protraction

-Posterior capsule tightness.

-Muscle Imbalances

-Capsular laxity or tightness

-Poor scapular control

-Impingment syndrome

Type I- Fraying of labrum near insertion of LHB

Type II-Avulsion of labrum

Type III-Bucket handle tear of labrum with displacement

Type IV- Bucket handle tear of labrum associated with tear of LHB

-impingment btwn clavicle & first rib

-Compression btwn pec minor and rib cage

-Tightness of ant mid scalene