Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Order
Sub orders: Myomorpha, Caviomorpha, Sciuromorpha |
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Term
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Definition
sub-order
mouse-like
rat, mouse, hamster |
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Term
| Hystricomorpha/Caviomorpha |
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Definition
sub-order/parorder
cavi-like
guinea pig, chinchilla, degu |
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Term
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Definition
sub-order
squirrel-like
squirrel, chipmunk |
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Term
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Definition
Order
Family: Mustelidae
Ferret, Weasel, Stoat, Otter, Badger |
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Term
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Definition
Cold adaptations:
High activity: Shivering
Brown fat
Peripheral vasoconstriction
Heat Adaptations:
Burrows
Water conservation: Urine concentration
Peripheral counter-current heat exchanges
Size |
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Term
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Definition
16 teeth
Monophydont
1-0-0-3/1-0-0-3
Diastema between incisors and (pre)molars
Rats Incisors - yellow due to iron pigmentation |
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Term
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Definition
| open-rooted, continuously growing teeth |
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Term
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Definition
open rooted, continuously growing, must be worn down
rabbit, GPig, Chinchilla |
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Term
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Definition
roots close about ~4 months
rat, mouse, etc |
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Term
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Definition
28 Teeth in total
2-0-3-3/1-0-2-3
2nd upper incisors rudimentary = peg teeth |
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Term
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Definition
Diphydont
Deciduous
3(4)-1-3-0/3-1-3-0
Permanent
3-1-3-1/3-1-3-2
From 7-10wk old
Similar masticatory muscles and salivary glands to dog |
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Term
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Definition
Monogastric
Simple small intestine
Caecum present: Larger in herbivorous species (Rabbit, Guinea Pig, etc)
Ferret similar to other carnivores |
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Term
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Definition
Caecum
10x capacity of stomach
40% of GIT content
3 Gyral Folds
Thin walls (fragile)
Mainly Bacteroides spp.
Fermentation vat |
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Term
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Definition
| consumption of caecal pellets (night stools) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
form in caecum and proximal colon
High nutrient content (fibre does not enter caecum)
Mucus covering during passage through colon
Ingested directly from anus through anal reflex |
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Term
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Definition
Rapid, Large Litters: 16d gestation in hamsters, Young may reproduce in same season
Duplex uterus: Many rodents
Right and Left uterus and cervix
Open into common vagina
Bicornuate uterus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Ferret Reproductive Cycles |
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Definition
Gestation 42d, 4-14 kittens
Weaning 6-8 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
high position in oropharynx
Obligate nose breathers
Respiratory disease rapidly debilitating |
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Term
| Oxygen Demand of small furries |
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Definition
Very HIGH
Lungs not proportionally larger
Low residual lung capacity
Greater number of alveoli with smaller diameter |
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Term
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Definition
| Poor lobulation of lungs in rabbits – pneumonia can spread quickly |
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Term
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Definition
Heart often large in proportion to thorax
2-4th Intercostal Spaces
Heart rate 180-300+ BPM
Blood volume: 60-75 ml/kg
Venupuncture: Saphenous/Cephalic Veins (Small)
Tail vein
Jugular if larger sample required
Marginal ear vein in rabbits |
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Term
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Definition
Lymph nodes throughout body
Strep. zooepidemicus (normal oral pathogen) can cause nodal abscessation if oral mucosa penetrated |
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Term
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Definition
Relatively high water intake
~120 ml/kg/day
Urine alkaline, not very concentrated
Often creamy appearance due to calcium carbonate (Rabbit, g pig)
May be red due to plant pigmentation |
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Term
| Rabbit Calcium Metabolism |
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Definition
High circulating calcium
Rapid adjustments in Parathyroid hormone control absorption from gut (independent of Vitamin D)
Tolerant of high calcium intake
Ca:P ratio not as critical as other mammals
Excess calcium cleared via urine (up to 60% of ingested Ca)
Phosphorus excreted via faeces
Chronic Vitamin D deficiency may lead to mild hypocalcaemia
Important when dietary supply low |
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Term
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Definition
Large tympanic bullae, large olfactory bulbs, sensitive vibrissae (whiskers)
Sensitive to high frequency sound <150kHz |
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Term
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Definition
present in all vertebrates, but not well developed. developed in rodents, esp. rats
Behind eye
Secretes lipids and porphyrin red pigment (ocular lubrication and pheromones)
Secretion increased when stressed = red-brown deposit: chromodacryorrhea |
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Term
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Definition
C7, T12-13, L7, S4, Cd15-16
first 7 ribs meet sternum |
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Term
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Definition
C7, T13, L6, S4, Cd27-31
Ossification not complete until ~1y
Poorly-developed Haversian remodelling system
Prox. Humerus and Dist. Radius/Ulna fuse at 2y
Skull: Cartilagenous mandibular symphysis
Appendicular: Clavicular brace, Hamate process of scapular spine |
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Term
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Definition
C7, T15, L5/6, S3, Cd18
Flexible spine
12 sternal rib pairs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Most common rabbit breeds |
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Definition
Lop
Lionhead
Netherland dwarf
English rabbit |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Heart rate: 180-300 bpm
Respiratory rate: 30-60 (>100 if stressed) per min
Rectal temperature: 38.5-40°C |
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Term
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Definition
| location in colon of rabbits where soft faeces are covered by protective mucus |
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Term
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Definition
Become sexually mature at 4-6 months
Females earlier than males
Small breeds earlier than the larger ones.
Induced ovulation (January-October)
Gestation of 28-32 days
Litter size 4-12
Weaning at 6 weeks (starting at 28 days) |
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Term
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Definition
Big enough to allow rabbits to lie down and stretch out comfortably in all directions
Tall enough for them to stand up on their back legs without their ears touching the roof
Long enough to allow at least three hops from one end to the other |
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Term
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Definition
guinea pigs should not be kept as companions for rabbits
Shouldn’t be kept with ferrets
Can be kept with cats and dogs |
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Term
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Definition
Hind gut fermenting herbivore
Fibre is most import component of diet
Hay and grass: at all the time
Pellets: small handful once/twice daily
Leafy greens: twice daily
Fibre:20-25%
Proteins: 12-16%
Fat: 2-3% |
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Term
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Definition
swelling around eyes, nose and genital area
Vaccination |
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Term
| Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease |
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Definition
internal bleeding, death
Vaccination |
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Term
| Rabbit Husbandry Problems |
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Definition
Diet poor in fibres: dental disease, reduced gut motility, diarrhoea
Urine scalding: lack of exercise or poorly cleaned hutch or obese rabbits, E. cuniculi infection
Stress
Mites
Fleas NO FRONTLINE ®
Untidy matted fur |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| male 1200 gr, female 600 gr |
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Term
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Definition
Heart rate: 200-250 bpm
Respiratory rate : 35 bpm
Body temperature: 37.8°-40°C |
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Term
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Definition
Single sex or mixed groups
Mild aggressive behaviour
Not suitable companion for rabbits and rodents!
Ok with cats and dogs but never alone |
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Term
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Definition
Strict carnivore
High in Protein: 35-40% (animal sourced) and Fat 15-20%
Low in carbohydrates and fibre |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Seasonally polyestrous: 6 months
Induced ovulation: require mating
Neck biting during mating
Sexually mature in their first spring (~9 months old)
Gestation: 42 days
Litter size: 6
Kits are altricial, teeth at 2 weeks of age , eyes open after 4 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
Persistent oestrus common
Oestrogen toxicity and bone marrow suppression
Severe aplastic anaemia and blood loss
Bilaterally symmetric alopecia
Weakness and anorexia
Pale mucous membranes
TX: HCG to stimulate oestrus, Jill Jab (proligestone), GnRH agonists implantation, vasectomised hob. |
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Term
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Definition
| distemper (not licensed in UK) |
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Term
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Definition
Order
African pigmy hedgehog |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Chinchilla Adult Bodyweight |
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Definition
| 500-800 gr (male smaller) |
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Term
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Definition
Body temperature: 37-38° C
Heart rate: 200-350
Respiratory rate : 40-80 |
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Term
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Definition
1-0-1-3/1-0-1-3
all teeth open rooted |
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Term
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Definition
Sexual maturity: 6 months
Seasonally polyoestrous (November-May)
Length of oestrous: 30-50 days
Gestation: 111 days
Litter size: 2 average
At birth> precocial, fully furred, ears, eyes open, teeth present
Weaning: 42 days (already eating solid food after first week) |
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Term
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Definition
Dust bath once a day
Housed in pairs, single sex
Horizontal and vertical space
Nest box
Newspaper and hay as substrate |
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Term
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Definition
Herbivore
High in fibre and low in energy
15 -35 % fibre, proteins 16-20%, fat 2-5 %
Hay ad libitum
Small amount of fresh greens
Small amount of pellet food |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Rex
American
Abyssinian
Peruvian |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Body temperature: 37.2-39.5
Heart rate: 230-380
Respiratory rate : 90-150 |
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Term
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Definition
1-0-1-3/1-0-1-3
all teeth grow continuously |
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Term
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Definition
Sexual maturity: 3 months (female earlier than male)
Type of oestrous cycle: non-seasonally polyoestrous
Gestation: 59-72 days
At birth> precocial, fully furred, ears, eyes open, teeth present
Weaning: 2-3 weeks ( already eating solid food after first week) |
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Term
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Definition
| Must Breed by 6m-1 year or else fusion of pubic symphysis occurs and can will never be able to pass neonates through pelvis |
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Term
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Definition
Herbivore
Grass and hay ad libitum (but not only!)
Pelleted food No cereal mix!
Fresh leafy greens |
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Term
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Definition
Lack of enzyme L-gulonolactone oxidase required to synthesize vitamin C
NEED IN DIET
Healthy animals: 10 mg/kg/day
Breeding animals: 35 mg/kg/day
Stressed, sick: 50-100 mg/kg.day
Kale, parsley, spinach, cabbage, dandelions, red peppers, kiwi fruit and oranges.
In drinking water
In pellet food
Degradation by water, light, air |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Heart rate: 310-500
Respiratory rate: 70-150
Temperature: 38° C |
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Term
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Definition
1-0-0-3/1-0-0-3
only incisors open rooted
yellow pigmentation due to iron |
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Term
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Definition
Sexual maturity: 1 month
Polyoestreous
Gestation: 21-23 days
Litter size: 6-13
At birth: altricial (eyes open at 2 weeks)
Weaning: 21 days |
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Term
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Definition
Omnivore
16% proteins and 5% fat
Commercial balanced pellets
Fruit and vegetables
Cat biscuits once a week
Reduced proteins when old age |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 1.5-2 years up to 4 years |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Heart rate: 300-470
Respiratory rate: 40-110
Temperature: 37.5-38 C |
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Term
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Definition
1-0-0-3
only incisors are open rooted |
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Term
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Definition
Sexual maturity: 2 months
Seasonal polyoestrous
Gestation: 16-18 days (Syrian hamster),
At birth: altricial (eyes open at 2 weeks)
Weaning: 19-21 days |
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Term
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Definition
Omnivore
Pellets to prevent selective feeding
Although cereal mix is not contraindicated if given in small quantity
Fresh vegetables such as broccoli , carrots, apples, cabbage.
Proteins 16 %, fat 4 %
Protein source as treats |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Heart rate: 260-600 bpm
Respiratory rate: 85-160 bpm
Temperature: 37.5-39 degrees C |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Sexual maturity: 2-4 months
Polyoestrous
Gestation: 23-46 days
Weaning: 21-28 days |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Omnivore/granivore
Pellets to prevent selective feeding
Fresh vegetables such as broccoli , carrots, apples, cabbage |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Breed all year - multiple litters (6-8/litter)
No regular oestrus cycle; require presence of male to ovulate
Sexually mature 6m
Gestation 90 days |
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Term
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Definition
Herbivorous, hind gut fermenter
Natural diet is grass, leaves, bark, herbs, seeds, fruits
Feed chinchilla pellets and hay
Supplement with small amounts fresh greens
Very dry faeces |
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Term
| African pygmy hedgehog genus species |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 250-400g female, 500-600g male |
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Term
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Definition
Polyoestrus, all year round
Sexual maturity at 2 months
Breed 6m-2yrs else fusion of pubic symphysis
Gestation 34-37 days |
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Term
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Definition
Insectivorous/omnivorous
Prone to obesity
Feed 2 tbsp high quality cat food or insectivore diet plus 2 tabs mixed veg nightly
Earthworms, insects, egg, pinkies, mealworms 3x a week
Feed at night and remove uneaten food in morning |
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