Term
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Definition
| a level of economic deprivation that exists when people do not have the means to secure the most basic necessities of life |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition that exists when people may be able to afford basic necessities but are still unable to maintain an average standard of living |
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Term
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Definition
| the trend in which women are disproportionately represented among individuals living in poverty |
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Term
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Definition
| the movement of individuals or groups from one level in a stratification system to another (one socioeconomic class to another) |
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Term
| Intergenerational Mobility |
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Definition
| the social movement (upward or downward) experienced by family members from one generation the next |
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Term
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Definition
| a combined measure that, in order to determine class location, attempts to classify individuals, families, or households in terms of factors such as income, occupation, and education |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of about 1 percent of the population. Includes the ‘upper-upper’ class and the ‘lower-upper’ class. |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of about 14 percent of the population. This class usually includes highly educated professionals such as doctors, lawyers, and business professionals. |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of about 30 percent of the population. This class usually consist of individuals with a post-secondary education or high-skilled laborers. Nurses, teachers, managers, semi-professionals and others comprise this class. |
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Term
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Definition
| approximately 30 percent of the U.S. is in this class. Individuals in this class may be semi-skilled workers, factory workers, sales personnel or service sector employees. |
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Term
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Definition
| comprise about 20 percent of the U.S. population. Individuals in this class work in service industries, temporary jobs, unskilled jobs and seasonal employment. |
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Term
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Definition
| individuals in this class may be unemployed or periodically unemployed, disabled, others may receive public assistance |
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Term
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Definition
| has most of the wealth and power in society via ownership of corporations, banks, news and entertainment industries. Members of this class may also have political positions |
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Term
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Definition
| members of this class have control over the means of production and their employees but they may not own the means of production. This class may consist of upper-level managers, supervisors, physicians, engineers, lawyers and other professionals. |
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Term
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Definition
| the extent to which individuals have access to important societal resources such as food, clothing, shelter, education, and health care |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of stratification based on the ownership and control of resources and on the type of work that people do |
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Term
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Definition
| a system of social inequality in which people’s status is permanently determined at birth based on their parent’s ascribed characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| the respect or regard with which a person or status position is regarded by others |
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Term
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Definition
| the unequal distribution of wealth, power, and prestige on a global level that results in people having vastly different lifestyles and life chances both within and among the nations of the world |
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Term
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Definition
| primarily agrarian nations with little industrialization and low levels of national and personal income |
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Term
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Definition
| countries that have industrializing economies, especially in the urban areas, and moderate levels of national and personal income |
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Term
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Definition
| share highly industrialized economies, technologically advanced, high standard of living, and high-per capita income |
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Term
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Definition
| average length of time that a person can be expect to live |
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Term
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Definition
| Life expectancy has increased __ over the past 30 years (more than 70 yrs in over 87 countries) |
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Term
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Definition
| Life expectancy has increased 1/3 over the past __ years (more than 70 yrs in over 87 countries) |
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Term
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Definition
Life expectancy for middle-income nations is about __ years less than it
is in higher income countries |
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Term
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Definition
| Life expectancy for individuals in low-income nations is about __ years less than for the life expectancy for those in higher-income nations |
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Term
*High rate of infant mortality (8 x’s higher in low-income nations than in higher-income nations)
*Hunger and malnutrition among children and adults
*High rate of diseases |
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Definition
| 3 Various Reasons for shorter life expectancy.. |
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Term
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Definition
| the World Health Organization defines ______ as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” |
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Term
| Development and Modernization Theory |
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Definition
| global inequality is related to the different levels of economic development; assumption is that low and middle-income nations can achieve progress via economic growth |
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Term
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Definition
| some of the poverty that exist in low-income countries is largely due to the exploitation of its resources by high-income nations |
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Term
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Definition
| posits that the “capitalist world economy” consists of three major categories of nations: core, semiperipheral, and peripheral |
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Term
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Definition
| highly industrialized and urbanized nations; capitalistic economies |
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Term
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Definition
| nations that tend to be more developed than peripheral nations but lack the high level of industrialization of the core nations |
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Term
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Definition
| these nations tend to depend on core nations for capital; they tend to lack high levels of industrialization |
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Term
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Definition
| category of people who have been determined as inferior or superior based on characteristics such as skin color, hair texture, and eye shape |
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Term
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Definition
| collection of people distinguished, by others or themselves, primarily on the basis of cultural characteristics or their nationality |
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Term
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Definition
| a group that is advantaged and has superior resources and rights in a society |
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Term
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Definition
| a group that is disadvantaged because of physical or cultural characteristics; this group may regard themselves as the object of discrimination since they may be subjected to unequal treatment by the dominant group |
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Term
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Definition
| deliberate, systematic killing of an entire people or nation |
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Term
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Definition
| actions or practices of dominant group member that have a harmful effect on members of a subordinate group |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices that is used to justify the superior treatment of one racial or ethnic group and the inferior treatment of another racial or ethnic group |
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Term
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Definition
| a negative attitude based on faulty generalizations about members of selected racial and ethnic groups |
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Term
| Institutional Discrimination |
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Definition
| the day-to-day practices of organizations and institutions that have a harmful impact on members of subordinate groups |
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Term
| Individual Discrimination |
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Definition
| behavior consisting of one-on-one acts by members of the dominant group that harm members of the subordinate group or their property |
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Term
| Frustration-aggression hypothesis |
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Definition
| people who are frustrated in regards to achieving a desired goal will respond with a pattern of aggression toward others |
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Term
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Definition
| a person or group that is incapable of offering resistance to the hostility or aggression of others; they are used as substitutes for the actual source of one’s frustration |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the biological and anatomical differences between females and males |
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Term
| Primary Sex Characteristics |
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Definition
| the genitalia used in the reproductive process |
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Term
| Secondary Sex Characteristics |
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Definition
| refers to the physical traits that identify an individual’s sex |
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Term
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Definition
| socially and culturally constructed differences between females and males; consists of the beliefs, practices, and attitudes associated with males and females in terms of what is considered “masculine” and “feminine” behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| the subordination or inferior treatment of one sex, based on the assumed superiority of another sex |
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Term
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Definition
| prejudice against gays, lesbians, bisexuals, and others who are not viewed as heterosexual |
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Term
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Definition
| a person who believes that he or she was born (with the body of) the wrong sex; such individuals may take hormone treatments or undergo a sex change |
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Term
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Definition
| a male who lives as a woman or a female who lives as a man; they do not change their genitalia |
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Term
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Definition
| a person with ambiguous or incomplete sexual differentiation; may tend to have a combination of both male and female genitalia |
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Term
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Definition
| personal preference for sexual relationships with members of the opposite sex, same sex, or even both |
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Term
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Definition
| the way a person feels about his or her body |
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Term
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Definition
| a hierarchical system of social organization in which cultural, political, and economic structures are controlled by men |
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Term
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Definition
| a hierarchical system of social organization in which cultural, political, and economic structures are controlled by women |
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Term
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Definition
| The three factors (subsistence base supply and demand for labor, and women’s child-rearing activities) can vary based on a society’s ______ ________ ____ which is the organization of the economy as well as the amount of technology in a society. |
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Term
| Hunting and gathering Societies |
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Definition
Various techno economic bases
1).
2). Horticultural and Pastoral Societies
3). Agrarian Societies
4). Industrial Societies
5). Postindustrial Societies |
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Term
| Horticultural and Pastoral Societies |
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Definition
Various techno economic bases
1). Hunting and gathering Societies
2).
3). Agrarian Societies
4). Industrial Societies
5). Postindustrial Societies |
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Term
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Definition
Various techno economic bases
1). Hunting and gathering Societies
2). Horticultural and Pastoral Societies
3).
4). Industrial Societies
5). Postindustrial Societies |
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Term
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Definition
Various techno economic bases
1). Hunting and gathering Societies
2). Horticultural and Pastoral Societies
3). Agrarian Societies
4).
5). Postindustrial Societies |
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Term
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Definition
Various techno economic bases
1). Hunting and gathering Societies
2). Horticultural and Pastoral Societies
3). Agrarian Societies
4). Industrial Societies
5). |
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Term
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Definition
| behavior that results in favoring one gender over the other |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when there are varying concentration of women and men in different occupations, jobs, and places of work |
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Term
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Definition
| the difference between what women and men earn |
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Term
| Conflict Perspective on gender stratification |
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Definition
focus on the power and economic differences between
men and women |
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Term
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Definition
Gender-based social inequality is a result of unequal _______ and
_______ power |
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Term
| Functionalist and Neoclassical Perspective on gender stratification |
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Definition
| a macrolevel analysis that focus on the roles of men and women within the family and society; an emphasis is placed on the following: |
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Term
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Definition
Functionalist and Neoclassical Perspective on gender stratification
_______-fulfill both instrumental and expressive tasks |
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Term
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Definition
Functionalist and Neoclassical Perspective on gender stratification
_____ _______ _____- such capital is gained via the obtainment of education and job training; this can be measured by the wages that one earns based on their educational and career choices |
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Term
| 1. Traditional Gender Role |
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Definition
Functionalist and Neoclassical Perspective on gender stratification
1.
2.Human Capital Model |
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Term
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Definition
Functionalist and Neoclassical Perspective on gender stratification
1. Traditional Gender Role
2. |
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Term
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Definition
| the belief that all people, specifically men and women, are equal and that they should be valued as equals and have equal rights |
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Term
| Feminist perspectives on gender stratification |
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Definition
| focus on the idea that embracing feminism will help reduce sexism and gender inequality |
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Term
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Definition
Feminist perspectives on gender stratification
______ ________-emphasizes equality of opportunity; views women’s oppression as related to their lack of civil rights and educational opportunities |
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Term
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Definition
Feminist perspectives on gender stratification
_______ _______-posits that patriarchy or male domination results in various forms of human oppression such as racism and classism |
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Term
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Definition
Feminist perspectives on gender stratification
______ _______-the oppression women is due to their roles as both paid and unpaid workers in a capitalist economy; women are exploited at work by capitalism and at home by patriarchy |
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Term
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Definition
Feminist perspectives on gender stratification
______ _______-examines how race, gender, and class may contribute to the oppression of women of color |
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Term
1. Liberal Feminism
2. Radical Feminism
3. Socialist Feminism
4. Multicultural Feminism |
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Definition
Feminist perspectives on gender stratification
1.
2.
3.
4. |
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