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| a statement in the U.S. Constitution granting Congress the power to pass all laws necessary and proper for carrying out the enumerated list of powers |
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| of government to take private property for public use |
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powers specifically listed in the Constitution |
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| law that penalizes actions that took place before the law was approved |
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a political system that divides power between the national and state government
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| for the good of the people |
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a special jury that decides whether there is enough evidence to charge a person with a crime |
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| a court order requiring authorities to bring a person who has been arrested into court and charge the prisoner with a crime and schedule a court appearance, or else set the prisoner free. |
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| a government official with a crime or other serious wrongdoing |
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| those powers the federal government needs to carry out the specific powers given to it by the Constitution |
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| when a grand jury formally accuses someone of committing a crime |
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| power given to the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional |
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| the subjects and geographic area over which the government has authority to make decisions and take action |
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term used to describe the courts of law and their function
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