Term
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Definition
| the scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings and behaviors are influenced by other people |
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Term
| Perspectives: Sociocultural |
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Definition
What drives social behavior?
-forces in larger social groups
ex: norms within cultural groups, social class differences, nationality, fad and trends.
Interested in..
-social behavior across cultures
ex: multiple wives
-culture, choice and intrinsic motivation
ex: asian kids vs white kids on puzzle task |
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Term
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Definition
| rules and expectations for appropriate social behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| beliefs, customs, habits and language shared by the people living in a particular time and place |
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Term
| Perspectives: Social Learning |
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Definition
What drives social behavior?
-classical conditioning (can be modeled)
ex: boys act aggressive because they receive praise for it
study: participants who played violent video games retaliated more in competitive game. |
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Term
| Perspectives: Phenomenological |
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Definition
What drives social behavior?
-persons subjective interpretation of a social situation
ex: a guy thinking a girl has the hots for him when clearly she is not interested
(came out of hippie movement, rarely used) |
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Term
| Perspectives: Social Cognitive |
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Definition
What drives social behavior?
-what we pay attention to, how we interpret and judge social situations, what we retrieve from memory
ex: tend to describe how we used to be as "chumps" and how we are as "champs" |
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Term
| Perspectives: Evolutionary |
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Definition
-social behavior is influences by heritable genetic factors that increased our ancestors ability to successfully reproduce.
ex: tendency for mothers to feel protective for their children
-look for similarities in social behavior across history
-if a behavior is influenced by heritable genes and this behavior somehow increases successful reproduction then over generations this behavior will be more prevalent in the population |
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Term
| Two Basic Principles of Social Behavior |
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Definition
1. social behavior is goal oriented
2. social behavior represents and continual interaction between the person and the situation |
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Term
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Definition
1. establish social ties
2. understand ourselves and others
3. to gain and maintain status
4. to defend ourselves and those we value
5. to attract and retain mates |
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Term
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Definition
| the features or characteristics that individuals bring into social situations |
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Term
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Definition
| environmental events and circumstances |
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Term
Naturalistic Observation
(Descriptive Methods) |
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Definition
Adv:
-behaviors are spontaneous and thus realistic
Dis:
-hard to pin point causation
-researcher may interfere
-some interesting behaviors are rare (ex:murder)
-observer bias
-time consuming
Ex: observing mating patterns in a hip bar |
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Term
Case Studies
(Descriptive Methods) |
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Definition
Adv:
-rich source of hypothesis
-allow to study rare behaviors
Dis:
-only one person
-observer bias
-difficult to generalize
-impossible to reconstruct causes due to complexity of past events
Ex: studying serial killers |
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Term
Archives
(Descriptive Methods) |
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Definition
Adv:
-easy access
Dis:
-many interesting social behaviors are not recorded (attractiveness, sexual habits)
Ex: census data |
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Term
Survey
(Descriptive Methods) |
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Definition
Adv:
-allows researchers to study difficult to observe behaviors
Dis:
-response bias
-untruthful responses
-respondents might not be representative |
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Term
Psychological Tests
(Descriptive Methods) |
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Definition
-more formal surveys
Adv:
-allows measurement of characteristics that are not always easily observable
Dis:
-tests are unreliable (yielding inconsistent scores)
-may be reliable but not valid (do they measure the actual characteristics that they were designed to measure) |
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Term
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Definition
-the extent to which two or more variables are associated with one another
-descriptive methods are useful in determining correlation |
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Term
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Definition
| researchers systematically manipulate one source of influence while holding others constant |
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Term
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Definition
| the extent to which an experiment allows confident statements about cause and effect |
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Term
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Definition
| the extent to which the results of an experiment can be generalized to other circumstances |
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Term
Lab Experiment
(Experimental Methods) |
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Definition
direct manipulation of iv and the observation of their effects on the behaviors of the other variables
Adv:
-internally valid
-controls extraneous variables
Dis:
-artificial situations may not represent events as they naturally unfold in reality |
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Term
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Definition
involve the manipulation of IV using unknown participants in natural setting
Adv:
-natural environment
Dis:
-less control
-situation is still unusual |
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