Term
| present perfect indicative, how to conjugate? |
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Definition
| he, has, ha, hemos, habéis, han +ado/ido |
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Term
| present perfect subjunctive, how to conjugate? |
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Definition
| haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayáis, hayan + ado/ido |
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| past participle irregulars |
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Definition
| abierto, cubierto, dicho, escrito, hecho, muerto, puesto, resuelto, roto, visto (ver), descrito, descubierto, devuelto |
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Term
| adjective clauses, when use subjunctive? |
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Definition
| when describing something the owner doesn't know about, doesn't know if it exists. Ex: Busco una librería que venda literatura feminista. |
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| to be succesful in a certain field |
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| to happen to occur to follow in succession |
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| to take care of (clients), to take into account |
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Definition
| change in physical/emotional state |
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Definition
| irreversible change in emotional or physical state |
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Definition
to become
effortless change |
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Definition
| to become, conscious effort |
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Term
| past subjunctive, how conjugate? |
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Definition
| aron/ieron-on+a, as ,a, áramos/éramos, ais an |
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| irregular past subjunctive |
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Definition
tuv, pud, diera, fuera
stem changing still change |
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Term
| tense of the main clause will correspond with the tense of the_____ |
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Definition
subjunctive
as in if in present perfect or command, use present subjunctive |
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Term
| when actions of the main and surdinate clauses have not yet occurred, the subordinate clause introduced by the adverbial conjunctions uses the _______ |
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Definition
subjunctive.
ex: Te van a dar más crédito después de que pagues el balance de la cuenta. |
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Term
| when the action of the subordinate clause is habitual, the _________ is used |
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Definition
indicative
Ex: Siempre te dan más crédito después de que pagas el balance de la cuenta. |
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Term
| always use the indicative with ___, ____, and ____ |
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Definition
| ahora que, puesto que, ya que |
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Term
| if an action is anticipated or the outcome is unknown in past tense use___ |
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Definition
past subjunctive
ex: La cmpañía seguir invirtiendo en la Bolsa hata que obtuviera beneficios. |
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| if known outcome then use ____ |
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Definition
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| if happened several times in the past or is habitual use_____ |
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Definition
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although, eve if
meaning changes depending on if you use indicative or subjunctive |
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Definition
because/since
ya que es muy rico, no tiene que trabajar |
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Definition
since/because, must start a sentence
Como era muy niña ... |
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Definition
because, cannot be used in the beginning of a sentence
por- used before a noun means because of |
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both...and
tanto los perros como los gatos son carnivoros |
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| adverbial conjuctions of interdependence are always followed by_____ when there is a change in subject |
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Definition
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Term
| if there is no change of subject in adverbial conjunctions of interdependence then_____ |
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Definition
| drop que and use sin or para with the infinitive |
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Term
| adverbial conjunctions of interdependence |
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Definition
| a condición que(provided that), a fin de que (so that), a menos que (unless), con tal de que (provided that), ecn caseo de que (in case), para que (so that, in order that), sin que (without) |
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Term
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Definition
motive for an action or agent performing the action
Ex: lo mataron por odio, lo hago por mi hermano, el libro fue exrito por haime, fue a la tienda por cafe |
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Definition
expresses goal of an action or the recipient of the action
Ex: estudia para ingeniera, lo hizo para sobrevivir, el libro es para Ud., Son jegos para niños, es una tasa para café |
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Definition
| por=through, para=towards |
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Definition
por- during/in the morning
para- by/for tomorrow morning |
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| por vs para period of time |
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Definition
por 3 días, i will be there for 3 days
para el tres de junio- I will be there by the 3rd of june |
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Term
| te doy cinco dólares ___ el libro |
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Definition
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Term
| el camión sólo corre 20 kilómetro ____ hora |
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Definition
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Definition
| por, mode of transportation |
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Definition
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Definition
| fact, findings, results, data |
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proven fact, deed or event
el hecho es que-the fact is
es un hecho que- it's a fact htat
de hecho- in fact |
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Definition
| to realize in the sense of to achieve a goal or an ambition, that is to accomplish something |
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Definition
to realize as in to be aware of to understand
ex: no me di cuenta de que había una venta |
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Term
| how to form the passive voice |
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Definition
ser+past participle(that agrees with noun)
Ex: la casa fue pintada. los exiliados hand sido ayudados, va ser solicitada |
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Term
| passive with ser VS passive se |
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Definition
use if know who did it
use if don't know or don't care who did it |
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Definition
se + 3rd person verb +receiver
ex: se reciben miles de peticiones cada año |
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Term
| resultant state or condition uses ser or estar? |
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Definition
estar!
esta roto, is broken
as apposed to fue roto, was broken |
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Definition
when something is unplanned, unexpected
Ex: Se le perdieron los papeles. Her papers lost her. |
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Term
| common verbs that use no fault se |
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Definition
acabar-run out
caer-drop
ocurrir-come to you
olvidar-forget
perder-lose
romper-break/tear |
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Term
uses of "a"
movement towards |
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Definition
1)fue a la oficina
2)les mandó el paquete a sus abuelos
3)comenzaron a llegar en 1981 |
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Definition
typically meaning by or on
ex: está hecho a mano (it is made by hand)
lo hicieron a máquina
viajó a caballo
salió Ud. a pie |
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Term
uses of a
a point in time or space or on a scale |
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Definition
tengo clase a las 8:00
al principio, no querían quedarse=at the beginning, they didnt want to stay
los compré a 10 dólares (bought at this price)
manejó a 80 millas por hora
todos se sentaron a la mesa |
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Term
uses of en
position on or within |
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Definition
viven en una casa, pusieron en la maleta, la carta está en la mesa
en una hora
en dos días
has estdiado en la universidad
estaban en casa cuando ocurrió el robo |
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Term
uses of en
observation of or participation in an event |
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Definition
estuviste en la boda? were you at the wedding
estuvieron en el partido, they were at the game. |
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Term
uses of en
observation of or participation in an event |
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Definition
estuviste en la boda? were you at the wedding
estuvieron en el partido, they were at the game. |
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Term
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Definition
| acostumbrarse, adaptarse, apreder, asimilarse, ayudar, comenzar, empezar, enseñar, entrar, invitar, ir, llegar, salir, venir, volver |
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Definition
| consistir, convertirse, entrar, inscribirse, insistir, tardar |
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Definition
| consistir, convertirse, entrar, inscribirse, insistir, tardar |
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Definition
to miss an opportunity or deadline because of poor timing
ex: mario llego tarde y perdio el tren. |
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Definition
to miss an appointment or an event in the sense of not attending it
ex: joaquin estaba enfermo y faltó a la reunión. |
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to miss an opportunity or deadline because of poor timing
ex: mario llego tarde y perdio el tren. |
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interchangeable, to miss a person who is away or absent
ex: cuando mi esposo sale de viaje, siempre lo echo de menos (extraño) mucho. |
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| to rescue a person or thing from danger |
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to set aside, to keep
ex: jese guarda un troso de pan. |
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to transport
llevan a los niños al parque |
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Definition
| to take a class, a bus, an exam, a vacation, something into ones own hands |
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Definition
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to take a certain amount of time to do something
tardar + amount of time +en +infinitive
ex: cuanto tardas en llegar a clase? how long does it take you to get to class? |
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Definition
| infinitive + é, ás, á, emos, éis, án |
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Definition
| infinitive+ ía, ías, ía, íamos,íais, ían |
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Term
| irregular stems for future and conditional |
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Definition
| cabr, habr, podr, querr, sabr, pondr, saldr, tendr, valdr, vendr, dir, har |
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Term
| irregular stems for future and conditional |
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Definition
| cabr, habr, podr, querr, sabr, pondr, saldr, tendr, valdr, vendr, dir, har |
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Definition
| no fumarán otra vez. Present followed by future. |
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Term
| irregular stems for future and conditional |
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Definition
| cabr, habr, podr, querr, sabr, pondr, saldr, tendr, valdr, vendr, dir, har |
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Definition
| no fumarán otra vez. Present followed by future. |
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Definition
| no fumarían otra vez. past followed by conditional |
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Term
| actions that occur in the immediate future use _______ |
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Definition
present tense
ex: Los estudiantes se reunen con el decano en 10 minutos. Nos vemos mañana. |
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Term
| si+ past subjunctive+______ |
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Definition
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| more/less ____ than whatever |
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Definition
| más/menos+adj/adv/noun+que |
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| grande/pequeño vs mayor/menor |
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Definition
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| moral behavior vs quality, abilities |
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| add infinitive to mean stop doing something, if used in the negative means dont fail to do something |
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| add infinitive to mean stop doing something, if used in the negative means dont fail to do something |
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Definition
| to get in the way, to impede |
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| to stop or to detain, to hold up the progress, when reflexive means to stop moving or pause |
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to cause someone bodily injury
hacer daño can also mean to figruatively mean to hurt someone's status |
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Definition
| to hurt someone's feelings (doler is also used) |
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Term
conjugate pefecto forms of haber
pluscuam
futuro
condicional |
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Definition
había/ías,ía, íamos, íais, ían
habré, habrás, habrá, habremos, habréis, habrán
habría,ías,ía,íamos,íais,ían |
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Term
| perfect subjunctive conjugate |
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Definition
haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayáis, hayamos, hayáis, hayan +pp
ex: Me alegro de que haya escrito. I'm glad that she has written. |
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Term
| pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo |
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Definition
hubiera, as, a, hubiéramos, ais, an
+PP
ex: me alegraba de que me hubiera escrito. I was glad that she had written me |
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Term
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Definition
| but, used after or negative |
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Definition
introduce info that contradicts and replaces the first element
means but, rather |
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Definition
not only but also
EX:no solo trajeron pan sino tambien queso. no solo vino sino que trajo a sus amigos. |
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to try or make an attempt
ex: voy a intentarlo
I'm going to try it |
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Definition
de + infinitive means to try
can also mean to deal with
ex: el libro trata de la raza. the book deals with la raza.
tratar alone means to treat someone in a particular way |
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| to try, to taste soemthing, try someone in a sense of testing, probarse menas to try on |
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| preguntar/hacer una pregunta |
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Definition
to ask a question
used interchangeably |
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request something from someone
Te wuiero pedir un favor.
ella les pidió que hablaran en voz baja. |
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