Term
What is the difference between por la manaña and de la manaña and when do you use it?
1. Por la manaña 2. de la manaña = por ejemplo a las diez de la manaña (The same applies to la tarde and la noche) |
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Definition
What is the difference between por la manaña and de la manaña and when do you use it?
1. in the morning = if time not known 2. when you know what time you are talking about. |
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Term
Stem-Changing Verbs in the PRETERIT -ar
Normally stem-changing verbs that end in -ar and -er do not have a stem change in the preterit. They follow the same patterns as -as and -er regular verbs. Salir is also regular in the preterit.
PENSAR 1. yo pensé 2. tú pensaste 3. él pensó 4. nosotro pensamos 5. vosotros pensasteis 6. ellos pensaron |
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Definition
Stem-Changing Verbs in the PRETERIT -ar
Normally stem-changing verbs that end in -ar and -er do not have a stem change in the preterit. They follow the same patterns as -as and -er regular verbs. Salir is also regular in the preterit.
PENSAR 1. yo 2. tú 3. él 4. nosotro 5. vosotros 6. ellos |
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Term
Uses of the IMPERFECT - Used for descriptions in the past
1. Era la una. 2. Eran las seis de la mañana y corría en el parque |
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Definition
Uses of the IMPERFECT - Used for descriptions in the past
1. It was 1 o'clock. 2. It was six in the morning and I was jogging in the park. |
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Term
Stem-Changing Verbs in the PRETERIT -ir
HOWEVER stem-changing verbs with -ir do change in the preterit. ONLY for fist person singular (él, ella, usted) and third person plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes). E->I, O->U
PEDIR 1. yo pedí 2. tú pediste 3. él pidió (stem change) 4. nosotro pedimos 5. vosotros pedisteis 6. ellos pidieron (stem change) |
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Definition
Stem-Changing Verbs in the PRETERIT -ir
HOWEVER stem-changing verbs with -ir do change in the preterit. ONLY for fist person singular (él, ella, usted) and third person plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes). E->I, O->U
PEDIR 1. yo 2. tú 3. él 4. nosotro 5. vosotros 6. ellos |
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Term
Stem-Changing Verbs in the PRETERIT -ir
HOWEVER stem-changing verbs with -ir do change in the preterit. ONLY for fist person singular (él, ella, usted) and third person plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes). E->I, O->U
DORMIR 1. yo dormí 2. tú dormiste 3. él durmió (stem change) 4. nosotro dormimos 5. vosotros dormisteis 6. ellos durmieron (stem change) |
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Definition
Stem-Changing Verbs in the PRETERIT -ir
HOWEVER stem-changing verbs with -ir do change in the preterit. ONLY for fist person singular (él, ella, usted) and third person plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes). E->I, O->U
DORMIR 1. yo 2. tú 3. él 4. nosotro 5. vosotros 6. ellos |
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Term
The PRETERIT of Irregular Verbs - QUERER, HACER and VENIR
Other verbs similar to HACER in the preterit include REHACER, DESHACER (to undo), SATISFACER. Other verbs similar to VENIR include PREVENIR and INTERVENIR.
QUERER 1. yo quise 2. tú quisiste 3. él quiso 4. nosotros quisimos 5. vosotros quisisteis 6. ellos quisieron |
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Definition
The PRETERIT of Irregular Verbs - QUERER, HACER and VENIR
Other verbs similar to HACER in the preterit include REHACER, DESHACER (to undo), SATISFACER. Other verbs similar to VENIR include PREVENIR and INTERVENIR.
QUERER 1. yo 2. tú 3. él 4. nosotros 5. vosotros 6. ellos |
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Term
The PRETERIT of Irregular Verbs - PONER, PODER, SABER and CABER
Other verbs similar to PONER in the preterit include IMPONER, SUPONER, EXPONER, COMPONER
PONER (to put) 1. yo puse 2. tú pusiste 3. él puso 4. nosotros pusimos 5. vosotros pusisteis 6. ellos pusieron |
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Definition
The PRETERIT of Irregular Verbs - PONER, PODER, SABER and CABER
Other verbs similar to PONER in the preterit include IMPONER, SUPONER, EXPONER, COMPONER
PONER 1. yo 2. tú 3. él 4. nosotros 5. vosotros 6. ellos |
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Term
The IMPERFECT Verbs -ar
Words end in -aba, -abas, -aba, -ábamos, -abais, and -aban. Note there is no stem change in the imperfect for stem-changing -ar verbs.
DAR 1. yo daba 2. tú dabas 3. él daba 4. nosotros dábamos 5. vosotros dabais 6. ellos daban |
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Definition
The IMPERFECT Verbs -ar
Words end in -aba, -abas, -aba, -ábamos, -abais, and -aban. Note there is no stem change in the imperfect for stem-changing -ar verbs.
DAR 1. yo 2. tú 3. él 4. nosotros 5. vosotros 6. ellos |
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The IMPERFECT Verbs - IRREGULAR
There are only 3 irregular words in the imperfect! SER, IR and VER
SER 1. yo era 2. tú eras 3. él era 4. nosotros éramos 5. vosotros erais 6. ellos eran |
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Definition
The IMPERFECT Verbs - IRREGULAR
There are only 3 irregular words in the imperfect! SER, IR and VER
SER 1. yo 2. tú 3. él 4. nosotros 5. vosotros 6. ellos |
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Term
1. por la manana 2. de la manana |
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Definition
1. during the morning 2. in the morning |
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Term
1. despertar 2. acostarse 3. ir a la cama |
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Definition
1. to wake up 2. to go to sleep 3. to go to bed |
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Term
The IMPERFECT PROGRESSIVE Tense
+Note the verbs IR and VENIR are rarely used in the imperfect progressive.
1. Iban al concierto (IR) - en vez de; estan yendo al concierto 2. Venia a casa a las ocho, pero ahora vengo a casa las nueve. - en ves de; estaba viniendo a casa... |
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Definition
The IMPERFECT PROGRESSIVE Tense
+Note the verbs IR and VENIR are rarely used in the imperfect progressive.
1. They were going to the concert 2. I used to go home at 8, but now I come home at 9 |
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Term
TENSO INDICATIVO
HACER - to do, to make (all in ´yo´ tense) 1. Present hago 2. Preterite hice 3. Imperfect hacía 4. Conditional haría 5. Future haré
HABER - to have (all in ´yo´ tense) 6. Present he 7. Preterite hube 8. Imperfect había 9. Conditional habría 10. Future habré |
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Definition
TENSO INDICATIVO
HACER - to do, to make (all in ´yo´ tense) 1. Present 2. Preterite 3. Imperfect 4. Conditional 5. Future
HABER - to have (all in ´yo´ tense) 6. Present 7. Preterite 8. Imperfect 9. Conditional 10. Future |
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Term
TENSO SUBJUNTIVO
HACER - to do, to make (all in ´yo´ tense) 1. Present haga 2. Imperfect hiciera 3. Imperfect 2 hiciese 4. Future hiciere
HABER - to have (all in ´yo´ tense) 1. Present haya 2. Imperfect hubierea 3. Imperfect 2 hubiese 4. Future hubiere |
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Definition
TENSO SUBJUNTIVO
HACER - to do, to make (all in ´yo´ tense) 1. Present 2. Imperfect 3. Imperfect 2 4. Future
HABER - to have (all in ´yo´ tense) 1. Present 2. Imperfect 3. Imperfect 2 4. Future |
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Term
Present Subjunctive of Stem-Changing Verbs -ar
For stem-changing words the same pattern holds. For stem changing with -ar and -er use the root of the present indicative yo form except for the nosotros and vosotros forms, which retain the stem of the infinative.
PENSAR (present ind. = pienso) 1. yo piense 2. tú pienses 3. él piense 4. nosotros pensemos (no stem change) 5. vosotros penséis (no stem change) 6. ellos piensen |
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Definition
Present Subjunctive of Stem-Changing Verbs -ar
For stem-changing words the same pattern holds. For stem changing with -ar and -er use the root of the present indicative yo form except for the nosotros and vosotros forms, which retain the stem of the infinative.
PENSAR (present ind. = pienso) 1. yo 2. tú 3. él 4. nosotros 5. vosotros 6. ellos |
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Term
Present Subjunctive of Stem-Changing Verbs -ir (e->ie for and o->ue)
For stem-changing words the same pattern holds. For e->ie for and o->ue stem changing with -ir, use the root from the yo form except for nosotros and vosotros forms, which use ´i´ for e->ie and use ´u´ for and o->ue.
MENTIR (present ind. = miento) 1. yo mienta 2. tú mientas 3. él mienta 4. nosotros mintamos (stem change e->i) 5. vosotros mintáis (stem change e->i) 6. ellos mientan |
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Definition
Present Subjunctive of Stem-Changing Verbs -ir (e->ie for and o->ue)
For stem-changing words the same pattern holds. For e->ie for and o->ue stem changing with -ir, use the root from the yo form except for nosotros and vosotros forms, which use ´i´ for e->ie and use ´u´ for and o->ue.
MENTIR (present ind. = miento) 1. yo 2. tú 3. él 4. nosotros 5. vosotros 6. ellos |
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Term
Present Subjunctive of Stem-Changing Verbs -ir (e->ie for and o->ue)
For stem-changing words the same pattern holds. For e->ie for and o->ue stem changing with -ir, use the root from the yo form except for nosotros and vosotros forms, which use ´i´ for e->ie and use ´u´ for and o->ue.
DORMIR (present ind. = duermo) 1. yo duerma 2. tú duermas 3. él duerma 4. nosotros durmamos (stem change o->u) 5. vosotros durmáis (stem change o->u) 6. ellos duerman |
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Definition
Present Subjunctive of Stem-Changing Verbs -ir (e->ie for and o->ue)
For stem-changing words the same pattern holds. For e->ie for and o->ue stem changing with -ir, use the root from the yo form except for nosotros and vosotros forms, which use ´i´ for e->ie and use ´u´ for and o->ue.
DORMIR (present ind. = duermo) 1. yo 2. tú 3. él 4. nosotros 5. vosotros 6. ellos |
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Term
1. no estar seguro de que 2. no estoy seguro 'de' que venga |
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Definition
1. to not be sure that 2. Im not sure that he's coming |
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Term
Impersonal Expressions Signaling Doubt or Uncertainty - Followed by the word ´que´
1. puede ser que 2. puede ser que todo salga bien |
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Definition
Impersonal Expressions Signaling Doubt or Uncertainty - Followed by the word ´que´
1. it could be that 2. It could be that everything turns out ok |
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Term
Verbs and Expressions signalling the INDICATIVE (not Subjunctive)
1. es verdad que 9. está claro que 11. es obvio que 12. no hay duda de que |
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Definition
Verbs and Expressions signalling the INDICATIVE (not Subjunctive)
1. it´s true that 9. it´s clear that 11. it´s obvious that 12. there´s no doubt that |
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Term
1. hacer ejercicio 2. hago ejercicio por las manañas |
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Definition
1. exercise 2. I exercise in the mornings |
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Term
Using the SUBJUNCTIVE to Express FUTURE UNCERTAINTY - With conjugations other than ´cuando´
1. antes de que 2. en cuanto 3. a menos que 4. para que 5. a pesar de que 6. tan pronto como 7. sin que |
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Definition
Using the SUBJUNCTIVE to Express FUTURE UNCERTAINTY - With conjugations other than ´cuando´
1. before 2. as soon as 3. unless 4. so that; in order that 5. despite 6. as soon as 7. without |
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Term
Using the SUBJUNCTIVE to Express FUTURE UNCERTAINTY - With conjugations other than ´cuando´ - Examples
1. Termino el trabajo antes de que te vayas 2. Abrimos los regalos en cuanto lleguen los primos 3. Pongo el plato en el microondas para que se caliente |
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Definition
Using the SUBJUNCTIVE to Express FUTURE UNCERTAINTY - With conjugations other than ´cuando´ - Examples
1. I´ll finish the work before you leave 2. We´ll open the presents as soon as the cousins arrive 3. I´ll put the dish in the microwave so that it warms up. |
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Term
Impersonal Expressions Signalling WISHES, WANTS, and DESIRE
1. hace falta que 2. hace falta que tu vayas a clase |
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Definition
Impersonal Expressions Signalling WISHES, WANTS, and DESIRE
1. it´s necessary that 2. It´s necessary that you go to class |
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Term
Impersonal Expressions and the SUBJUNCTIVE - Full List
+ Note as long as the context implies subjectivity you can put almost any adjective between es...and...que (including emotion and opinion)
C. EMOTION and OPINION 1. es difícil que 2. es difícil que apruebe el examen/ ..que vaya a aprobar el examen. |
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Definition
Impersonal Expressions and the SUBJUNCTIVE - Full List
+ Note as long as the context implies subjectivity you can put almost any adjective between es...and...que (including emotion and opinion)
C. EMOTION and OPINION 1. it´s unlikely that 2. It´s unlikely that I will pass the exam |
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Term
Questioning Existence with the Subjunctive
Used when asking whether something exists or when seeking something that may or may not exist. This type of question stays in the subjunctive until it is answered in the affirmative, where it takes the indicative.
1. Hay una tienda por aquí que esté (sub.) abierta a esta hora (asking asking if the store does or doesn´t exist)
+ Verbo subjuntivo va despues ´que´ |
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Definition
Questioning Existence with the Subjunctive
Used when asking whether something exists or when seeking something that may or may not exist. This type of question stays in the subjunctive until it is answered in the affirmative, where it takes the indicative.
1. Is there a store near here that is open at his hour?
+ Think about where to place the subjunctive verb! |
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A Review of the SUBJUNCTIVE
A. Used to present subjective ideas 1. Es importante que aprendas el subjuntivo
B. Is usually, but not always signaled by que 2. Insisto que hables con tu jefe
C. Used after expressions of DOUBT and UNCERTAINTY 3. Dudo que apruebe el examen |
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Definition
A Review of the SUBJUNCTIVE
A. Used to present su____ i____ 1. Its important that you learn the subjunctive
B. Is usually, but not always signaled by ____ 2. I insist that you talk with your boss
C. Used ____ expressions of D____ and UN____ 3. I doubt that he´ll pass the exam. |
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Term
A Review of the SUBJUNCTIVE
D. Used to express ambivalence or future uncertainty 4. Empezamos cuando llegue Donato 5. Emprezamos cuando sea.
E. Used to express wishes, wants, and desire. This includes wanting, wishing, hoping, requesting, suggesting, commanding, ordering and insisting. 6. Espero que llame 7. Que empiecen los juegos! 8. Ojalá que sobrevivan |
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Definition
A Review of the SUBJUNCTIVE
D. Used to express ambivalence or future uncertainty 4. We´ll begin when Donato arrives 5. We´ll begin whenever
E. Used to express wishes, wants, and desire. This includes wanting, wishing, hoping, requesting, suggesting, commanding, ordering and insisting. 6. I hope she calls 7. Let the games begin! 8. Let´s hope they survive. |
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Term
A Review of the SUBJUNCTIVE
F.Used with es...que impersonal expressions, to express (a) doubt and uncertainty, (b) wishes, wants and desires, and (c) emotions and opinions. 9. Es una pena que Mario no venga.
G. Used with other expressions of (a) doubt and uncertainty, (b) wishes, wants and desires, and (c) emotions and opinions. 10. Que lastima que no les guste el restaurante. 11. Me extraño que no haya nadie en el trabajo
H. To talk about things that may or may not exist. 12. Busco una tienda que venda pan |
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Definition
A Review of the SUBJUNCTIVE
F.Used with es...que impersonal expressions, to express (a) doubt and uncertainty, (b) wishes, wants and desires, and (c) emotions and opinions. 9. It´s a shame that Mario isn´t coming
G. Used with other expressions of (a) doubt and uncertainty, (b) wishes, wants and desires, and (c) emotions and opinions. 10. What a shame that they don´t like the restaurant 11. It seems strange that no one is at work today.
H. To talk about things that may or may not exist. 12. I´m looking for a store that sells bread. |
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Term
Using the PAST PARTICIPLE as an ADJECTIVE
You´ll notice that a multitude of common expressions and vocabulary are derived from the PP. Here are just a few:
1. estar bien visto 2. estar mal visto 3. por lo visto 4. bien hecho 5. poco hecho |
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Definition
Using the PAST PARTICIPLE as an ADJECTIVE
You´ll notice that a multitude of common expressions and vocabulary are derived from the PP. Here are just a few:
1. to be considered acceptable 2. to be frowned upon 3. apparently 4. well done 5. rare (as in cooked meat) |
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Term
Using the PAST PARTICIPLE as an ADJECTIVE
You´ll notice that a multitude of common expressions and vocabulary are derived from the PP. Here are just a few:
6. trato hecho 7. estar hecho polvo 8. ida y vuelta 9. dar la vuelta 10. estar de vuelta 11. dar una vuelta |
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Definition
Using the PAST PARTICIPLE as an ADJECTIVE
You´ll notice that a multitude of common expressions and vocabulary are derived from the PP. Here are just a few:
6. it´s a deal 7. to be exhausted 8. round trip 9. to turn over 10. to be back 11. to go for a walk |
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Term
Using the IMPERSONAL Se - Another way besides using SER + PP
This type of passive is used when the agent is unimportant, unkown or indefinite. You will see this usage often on advertising signs. 5. En España se come muy bien 6. No se ven los toros desde aquí 7. Cómo se dice en español? |
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Definition
Using the IMPERSONAL Se - Another way besides using SER + PP
This type of passive is used when the agent is unimportant, unkown or indefinite. You will see this usage often on advertising signs.
5. In Spain one eats very well (not specifically you) 6. The bulls cant be see from here 7. How do you say passive in Spanish? |
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Using the IMPERSONAL Se - Another way besides using SER + PP
+ If you add indirect object pronouns to the passive voice with ´se´ you can excuse yourself from almost any blooper or blunder.
1. Se me cayó el vaso 2. Se me fue la hora 3. Se le fue la mano |
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Definition
Using the IMPERSONAL Se - Another way besides using SER + PP
+ If you add indirect object pronouns to the passive voice with ´se´ you can excuse yourself from almost any blooper or blunder.
1. The glass fell (from my hand) 2. The time just disappeared (on me) 3. He overdid it (literally, he lost control of his hand) |
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Term
Use of the Present Perfect Tense - Exceptions, ACABAR DE + INFINATIVE
Also, to say you have just done something, the verb acabar de + infinitive is used in the present.
1. Acabo (pres. ind.) de terminar 2. Alberto acaba (pres. ind.) de llegar de Paraguay |
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Definition
Use of the Present Perfect Tense - Exceptions, ACABAR DE + INFINATIVE
Also, to say you have just done something, the verb acabar de + infinitive is used in the present.
1. I´ve just arrived 2. Alberto has just arrived from Paraguay |
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Term
Use of the Present Perfect Tense - Exceptions, LLEVAR
Finally, the verb llevar in the present can also be used idiomatically to talk about how long something has been happening.
1. Estoy cansada. Llevo tres horas estudiando 2. Ustedes llevan cuánto tiempo aqui? |
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Definition
Use of the Present Perfect Tense - Exceptions, LLEVAR
Finally, the verb llevar in the present can also be used idiomatically to talk about how long something has been happening.
1. I´m tired. I´ve been studying for three hours 2. How long have you been here? |
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Term
The IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE - Used in the same situations as the present subj. except it expresses the past.
The basic rule is that the imperfect subjunctive is used when the main clause triggering the subjunctive is in the or in the .
Compare the below:
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE (present)
1. Yo quiero que vayas a la tienda
IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE (past)
2. Yo quería que fueras a la tienda. |
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Definition
The IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE - Used in the same situations as the present subj. except it expresses the past.
The basic rule is that the imperfect subjunctive is used when the main clause triggering the subjunctive is in the or in the .
Compare the below:
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE (present)
1. I want you to go to the store
IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE (past)
2. I wanted you to go the store |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Habrán guerras, habrán depresiones; y habrán desastres naturales. |
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Definition
There will be wars; there will be depressions; there will be natural disasters |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
De alguna manera entonces hubo más tiempo para las discusiones. |
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Definition
Somehow then there was more time for discussions. |
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Term
Si bien hubo progresos, sin duda siguieron existiendo deficiencias. |
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Definition
While there was progress, flaws undoubtedly remained. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Vieron que podría ser una mina de oro. |
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Definition
They saw that there could be a gold mine. |
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Term
Además, advirtieron que podría haber más muertes. |
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Definition
They also warned that that there could be more deaths. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE of IRREGULAR verbs
Most irregular take the change from th ´yo´ form and use throughout.
VENIR (present ind. = vengo) 1. yo venga 2. tú vengas 3. él venga 4. nosotros vengamos (no stem change) 5. vosotros vengáis (no stem change) 6. ellos vengan |
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Definition
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE of IRREGULAR verbs
Most irregular take the change from th ´yo´ form and use throughout.
VENIR (present ind. = vengo) 1. yo 2. tú 3. él 4. nosotros 5. vosotros 6. ellos |
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Term
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE of IRREGULAR verbs
Most irregular take the change from th ´yo´ form and use throughout.
THIS IS THE SAME FOR SOME (I think) IRREGULAR VERBS IN THE SUBJUNCTIVE!!!! + Note this is only for Irregular Verbs, Regular have STEM CHANGES in NOSOTROS and VOSOTROS
VENIR, SALIR, HACER, DECIR, OIR, etc 1. yo; venga, salga, haga, oiga, diga, oiga, ponga, tenga 2. tú; vengas, salgas, hagas, oigas, digas, oigas, pongas, tengas 3. él; venga, salga, haga, oiga, diga, oiga, ponga, tenga 4. nosotros; vengaamos, salgamos, hagamos, oigamos, digamos, oigamos, pongamos, tengamos 5. vosotros; vengáis, salgáis, hagáis, oigáis, digáis, oigáis, pongáis, tengáis 6. ellos; vengan, salgan, hagan, oigan, digan, oigan, pongan, tengan |
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Definition
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE of IRREGULAR verbs
Most irregular take the change from th ´yo´ form and use throughout.
THIS IS THE SAME FOR SOME (I think) IRREGULAR VERBS IN THE SUBJUNCTIVE!!!!
VENIR, SALIR, HACER, DECIR, OIR, PONER, TENDER, etc 1. yo 2. tú 3. él 4. nosotros 5. vosotros 6. ellos |
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Present Subjunctive of Stem-Changing Verbs -er
For stem-changing words the same pattern holds. For stem changing with -ar and -er use the root of the present indicative yo form except for the nosotros and vosotros forms, which retain the stem of the infinative.
VOLVER (present ind. = vuelvo) 1. yo vuelva 2. tú vuelvas 3. él vuelva 4. nosotros volvamos (no stem change) 5. vosotros volváis (no stem change) 6. ellos vuelvan |
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Definition
Present Subjunctive of Stem-Changing Verbs -er
For stem-changing words the same pattern holds. For stem changing with -ar and -er use the root of the present indicative yo form except for the nosotros and vosotros forms, which retain the stem of the infinative.
VOLVER (present ind. = vuelvo) 1. yo 2. tú 3. él 4. nosotros 5. vosotros 6. ellos |
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Uses of the IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE - Choosing between the Subjunctive and the Conditional
Many of the English translations of the Spanish imperfect subjunctive are in the conditional, or would form in English. For example. 1. No pensaba que fuéramos a su casa (imp sub.)
When the idea being expressed in Spanish is NOT a subjunctive idea (signalling subjunctive) the Spanish conditional is in fact used. They are usually declarations of certainty or fact. 2. Sabía que iríamos a su casa (cond.) |
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Definition
Uses of the IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE - Choosing between the Subjunctive and the Conditional
Many of the English translations of the Spanish imperfect subjunctive are in the conditional, or would form in English. For example. 1. He didn´t think we would go to his house (imp sub.)
When the idea being expressed in Spanish is NOT a subjunctive idea (signalling subjunctive) the Spanish conditional is in fact used. They are usually declarations of certainty or fact. 2. He knew that we would go to his house. (cond.) |
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