Term
| Why study delivery? Give and fully explain 5 reasons. |
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Definition
1. Good delivery can influence the audience regardless of whether or not it really should.
2. Allows the audience to understand "accidental" communication such as sarcasm and body language.
3. Good delivery can change and audience's attitude toward you.
4. Good delivery enhances audience understanding.
5. Directly influences audience's esteem towards the speaker and their ethos. |
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Term
| What is the effect of delivery on attitude change? |
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Definition
| Good delivery paired with strong content will create a positive attitude change in the audience, abut a bad delivery paired with weak content will create a negative attitude change in the audience. Good content will make an audience more receptive to good delivery. |
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Term
| Describe and fully explain the nature of good delivery. |
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Definition
1. Naturalism - Be yourself. The opposite of artificiality.
2. Good conversational qualities like eye contact, desire to communicate, and wording at the moment of utterance.
3. Don't get nervous.
4. Grab the audience's attention. |
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Term
| Discuss fully and completely each of the four elements of good delivery. |
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Definition
1. Eye contact - Enables you to overcome noise.
2. Effectieve use of voice - Volume the audience has to hear, but don't overpower
Rate - Error on the side of speed
Pitch- Don't be too high or too low
Articulation and pronounciation - Removes level B noise.
Pause- lets the audience catch up with you
3. Effective use of body posture - Be comfortably relaxed
Movement- Too much movement draws attention to itself
Gesture - We naturally gesture/move
Facial expression- You can tell what a person is saying in their facial expressions
4. Variety - You need variety in every aspect of the verbalization of the message. |
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Term
| What is the primary element necessary in establishing good delivery? Explain fully. |
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Definition
| A good attitude is the most important element to establishing good delivery. Be centered on the audience instead of yourself. |
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Term
| What is the premise and the six points to William James’ theory of persuasion? |
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Definition
Premise - That which controls audience attention controls action.
1. Show significance.
2. Shock the audience.
3. Pique the audience's curiosity.
4. Make use of conflict and alternative viewpoints.
5. Use variety in your speech.
6. Know what is important to your audience. |
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Term
| What are the eight (8) tests (as presented in class) to determine the validity of evidence? Explain each test fully, giving examples or explanation of how each test is used. |
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Definition
1. Do I have enough evidence to support my claim?
2. Is the evidence clear?
3. Is the source of evidence reliable?
4. Is the source of evidence competent?
5. Is the source of evidence unbiased?
6. Is the evidence statistically sound?
7. Does the evidence prove my claim?
8. Is the evidence the most recent available? |
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Term
| Define Reasoning by Cause, and explain fully the four tests of validity. |
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Definition
Reasoning by Cause - Reasoning that a certain factor is capable of producing an effect. (Cause and effect reasoning)
1. Is the alleged cause relevant to the effect?
2. Is this a distinguishing casual factor?
3. Is there a reasonable probability that there are multiple effects from the cause?
4. Is there a counteracting cause or is there another cause out there that will prevent a normal effect? |
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Term
| Define Reasoning by Example, and explain fully the four tests of validity. |
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Definition
Reasoning by Example - To support an idea with instances supporting it.
1. Are there enough instances to support your idea?
2. Are the examples typical?
3. Are the negative examples non-critical?
4. Do the examples cover a critical period of time? |
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Term
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Definition
| When meanings of words are changed through delivery. Sarcasm is a good example of this. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ethical proof. The character of the speakers as perceived by the audience. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of inferring conclusions from premises. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reasoning that starts with a generalization and moves into specifics. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Facts, opinions, statistics, stories, support material, or anything that generates proof in the minds of the audience members. |
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Term
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Definition
| The art and study of the use of language with persuasive effect. |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of inductive reasoning, which is a comparison in which the speaker argues two different similar things. |
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Term
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Definition
| Systematic arrangement of arguments consisting of a major premise and a specific instance related to generalization. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inferring correlations or relationships between two different variables; the presence or absence of our symbols. |
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Term
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Definition
| A syllogism that is persuasive, but not necessarily valid. |
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Term
| What are the three components of ethos? |
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Definition
| Competence, integrity, and goodwill. |
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Term
| What are the three sources of ethos? |
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Definition
1. What the audience knows about the speaker beforehand.
2. How the speaker relates and adapts to the audience.
3. How closely our speaker's ideas and beliefs coincide with our values. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Discuss fully and completely the concepts of choice, change, and perception as they relate to ethos. |
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Definition
Choice - We make choices of how people see us by our speech.
Change - You character might not actually change, but tis does not matter for ethos perception change.
Perception - The audiences perception of a speaker's character might not be a correct. |
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Term
| Demonstrate your knowledge of audience analysis by addressing seven (7) categories of information the speaker should evaluate in examining a prospective audience. Explain why each category is important by giving examples of how the speaker would adapt the speech given the nature of the audience. |
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Definition
Education level - The speaker must not speak above or below the intelligence level of the audience.
Political affiliation - Presenting views of the opposing party of the audience will most likely not go over well.
Religion - Pretty much the same reason as why a speaker should know a political party. Presenting opposing views is not likely to be popular.
Age & sex - Different age groups and sexes have different sets of ethos.
Professional aspirations - You can talk about what job they want in a positive light to get to improve their opinion of you.
Job - People of different vocations will respond differently to different stimuli.
Country - Appeal to the culture of their country.
Interests - Talk about their interests. |
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Term
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Definition
| Making a generalization from a specific instance. Generally not a sound method. |
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