Strategic Order of Points

(5)

Chronologically

(TIME)

Topical

(INDEPENDENT CATEGORIES)

Spatial

(GEOGRAPHICALLY)

Causal

(CAUSE + EFFECT)

Problem-solution order

(Persuasian Only)

Tips for Main Points

(3)

1. keep main points seperate

2.Use mirror wording of the same pattern

3. Balance them in time

Connenctives

(4)

A. Trasnmitions: Between all major parts of the speech

B. Internal Preview: (the body) introduces subpoints of a main point

C. Signpoints: to identify exactly where you are in the speech

D. Internal Summaries

General Outline

(3)

1. Roman numerals- main points of speech, intro, body , and conclusion

2.Capital letters-main points

3.Complete transitional sentence-between all main parts of the speech

Detailed Outline

(5)

1. Includes all supportive evidence

2. Includes everything you plan in the speech

3. Transition

4. Complete sentence outlining

5. Needs to follow the visual framework of indentation

Speaking Outline

(6)

1. Uses symbolism + structure of an outline

2. Use key words or phrases only

3. Only thing written word for word are quotes/sources

4. May include delivery notes

5. Put as little as possible

6 No more than two cards

The importance of first + last

(Introduction and Conclusion)

Attention-Getter

(8)

1. State the importance of the topic

2. Startle the audience

3. Arouse curiosity with stacked specific instances

4. ask questions

  a. Metorical: thought

  b. Direct: response

5. Quotes or statistics

6. Story

7.Refer to the audience or occassions 

8. Humor

Specific Purpose Statement

List the main points

1

2

3

Relevancy Statement

(3)

Statement that shows how the topic relates to the audience

1. Establish good will
2. increase credibility
3. Motivates audience to continue to listen

Additional Information

(3)

1. definitions

2. history or background

3. Personal testimony

Into the next main point of the speech

Summaries

(2)

1. Restate with some additional detail
2. Contain subpoints of a speech

Closure

(3)

1. Circular-end with a mimic of the attention-getter

2. Use a dramatic statement

3. If it works as an attention-getter, it works for closure.

Motivational Appeals

(2)

PERSUASION ONLY!!

1. A statement that reflects the specific purpose or goal of a speech
2. Should be simple (not wordy) direct + persuasive

Tips on Conclusions

(2)

1. Never add new info. in the conclusion

2. Don't drag out the conclusion too long

Triangle of mean

(3)

1. Language: a system of symbols

2. Symbol: Stands for something else

3. Referent: The idea or object the symbol refers to.

Sapir/Whorf Hypothesis

(2)

1. Generic "He"

  2. Good speakers are aware of the meaning of words

Denotative Meanings

(3)

Literary dictionary definintion

1. objective

2. Intent is to report

3.Informative is nature

Connotative Meanings

(4)

Personal emotional meaning

1. subjective
2. Intent is to persuade
3. Based off of one's frame of reference
4. more miscommunication

Effective Language Use

(5)

1. Correct pronounciation
2. Clear, specific, familiar, nontechnical
3. Vivid, descriptive words that appeal to 5 senses
4. Avoid abstract words
5. Appropriate-no slang, generic "he"

Characters of a Good Delivery

(4)

1. natural and conversational
2. doesn't call attention to itself
3. maintains eye contact
4. reinforces the verbal message

Importance of Nonverbals

(2)

1. Believe NV more than V
2. 93% of the total meaning

Manuscript Delivery

3

-read word for word

Benefits: organized, can regain place if forget

Drawbacks: unnatural voice, lacks eye contact, audiances don't like to be read to, Teleprompters used to evercome these drawbacks

Memorized Delivery

(3)

-Word for word

Benefits: maintains eye contact, organized

Drawbacks: unnatural voice, can't regain spot

Impromptu Delivery

(3)

-Speaking with out preparation

-state the topic

-state the main point

-support your points

-summarize

Benefits: natural, Maintains eye contack.

Drawbacks: unorganized, increased nervousness

extemporaneous Dilivery

6

-Most speeches are delivered this way

1. researched, organized, and practiced, in advance.
2. memorize main points in order
3. Use a speaking outline
4. no commitment to exact wording
5. Benefits: organized , reduced nerveousness, natural/conversational voice, maintains eye contact, can regain place if forgot
6. Drawbacks: difficult to keep time limits, difficult to be grammatically perfect, requires time to prepare.

-vocal delivery

1. rate
2. volume
3. inflection(pitch)
4. pausing for effect
5. Pronunciation/areticulation

Kinesics

(3)

-muscle movement

1. rate
2. volume
3. inflection
4. pausing for effect
5. pronunciation

Gestures

(2)

-must be present

1. Must be natural
2. should reinforce the verbal message

Eye contact

(4)

1. quickest way to establish rapport with audience
2. cultural expectations (confidence/goodwill)
3. necessary to adapt to audience feedback
4. increase credibility/believability

Facial Expressions

(2)

1.Keep positive and animated

2. have a little energy