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Parts of Rhetorical Situation |
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Issue, Audience, Set of restraints |
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Any people, events, object, etc. that place limitations on a set of actions and decisions |
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Qualifiers of a rhetorical situation |
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The audience must be able to become arbiters (people of influence) of change |
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Transmission model of Communication |
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One way communication (Most basic) |
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Interaction or Reaction model of Communication |
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Back and forth communication where noise can get in the way (Middle Form) |
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Transaction Model of Communication |
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Both speaker and audience are active in the transaction. Model includes location and surroundings (Most complicated) |
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Actively participating in community or public affairs, not only by voting, but also by keeping up with the news, discussing issues with fellow citizens and participating in civic and volunteer activities |
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An individual's level of fear associated with communication with another person(s) |
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Poor Preperation, Fear of evaluation, Lower status than the audience, Anticipated response |
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Manifestations of Speech Anxiety |
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Feel isolated, feel panicked, physiological reactions, Avoid speaking |
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Speakers who are generally apprehensive across speaking situations |
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Particular set of circumstances triggers feeling of communication apprehension |
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Ways to overcome speech Anxiety |
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Belief in statement, being well prepared, knowing audience, isometric exercises |
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Manner in which story is told as to connect to listeners on an emotional level |
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Loudness or softness of a speaker |
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Speed at which words are spoken |
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Temporary stops or hesitations |
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Speaking clearly and precisely |
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Appearance, movement, gestures, factial expressions, eye contact |
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Impromptu, Extemporaneous, memorized, Manuscript |
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Speaking with little or no preparation |
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Extemperaneous Presentation |
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A well prepared speech but with little use of notes |
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Speech that's delivered exactly how it's written |
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Purpose of Informative speaking |
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Help audience gain some understanding of the topic |
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Strategies of informative speaking |
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Defining, Describing, Demonstrating, Explanation, Reporing |
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Accurate, Complete, Recent, Appropriate for audience, Ethical |
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Patterns of Organizations |
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Chronological, Sequential, Spatial, Categorical, Cause/effect, Problem-Solution |
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A pattern of organization that lets the audience understand a step by step process |
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A method of organization in which details are presented as they are located in space |
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A pattern of organization in which information is presented based on groupings |
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Parts of a good introduction |
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Attention Getter, Relevance, Establish Credibility, Establish thesis, Preview main points |
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Hearing, Focusing, Understanding, Responding, Remembering |
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Better informed, develop opinions, develop relationships |
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Passivity syndrome, Mental games, Short attention span, Stereotyping, Distractions |
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Belief that it is the speakers job to keep us interested |
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Being close minded to what the speaker is saying |
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Parts of audience analysis |
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Demographics, Captive or voluntary, Needs and values |
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Internal preview, Internal summary, Signpost |
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Type of transition that looks at what is about to be said |
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Cover all points up to that point before moving to next point |
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Type of transition that alerts listeners to where you are in the speech (first, second, after that...) |
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