Term
| What are the boundaries of the spinal cord? |
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Definition
| Foramen magnum to L1-L2 intervertebral disc |
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Term
| At what point in development does the vertebral column outgrow the spinal cord? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the developmental origin of the spinal cord? |
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Definition
| Caudal portion of the neural plate with formation of the neural tube |
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Term
| After neural tube closure, the neuroepithelial cells in the ventricular zone begin to divide and form what? |
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Definition
| Neuroblasts and glioblasts |
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Term
| Proliferating neuroblasts migrate to form what layer containing the majority of the neuronal cell bodies of the spinal cord? |
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Definition
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Term
| The intermediate mantle zone eventually develops to form what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The mantle zone develops into what two types of columns on each side of the developing neural tube whichfour distinct dorsoventral columns? |
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Definition
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Term
| What separates the alar and basal plates in the developing mantle zone? |
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Definition
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Term
| White matter of the spinal cord develops in what layer? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the marginal zone layer located? |
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Definition
| Outside the mantle zone of the neural tube |
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Term
| What kind of cells make up the marginal zone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of cells develop from the marginal zone? |
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Definition
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Term
| Alar lamina eventually becomes what specific structure in the spinal cord? |
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Definition
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Term
| Basal laminal eventually forms what distinct structure in the spinal cord? |
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Definition
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Term
| The central area between the horns is known as what? |
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Definition
| Intermediate grey commissure |
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Term
| The alar and basal plates both contribute the intermediate zone between them which eventually house what types of neurons? |
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Definition
| Autonomic preganglionic and sensory |
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Term
| The intermediate zone is also known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ventricular zone is lined with cells that eventually form what? What does the ventricular zone eventually become? |
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Definition
| Ependymal cells, central canal |
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Term
| Where does the the central canal begin in a fully developed individual? |
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Definition
| Fourth ventricle in the lower brainstem |
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Term
| What are the enlargements of the spinal cord that correspond to innervation of the limbs? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the boundaries of the cervical enlargement? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the boundaries of the lumbosacral enlargement? |
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Definition
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Term
| The anterior median fissure prenetrates deeply into the spinal cord, extending almost to the middle. What is contained within the anterior median fissure? |
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Definition
| Sulcal branches of the anterior spinal artery |
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Term
| What leaves the spinal cord from the anterolateral sulcus? |
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Definition
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Term
| The postereolateral sulcus marks the point of entry for what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The posterior median sulcus is located in the midline on the dorsal aspect of the cord and contains what? |
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Definition
| Posterior median septum (a pial partition) |
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Term
| The posterior intermediate sulcus and septum is located between the posterior median and posterior lateral sulci and also partially divides what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Oligodendrocytes myelinate axons within what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Schwann cells myelinate axons located where? |
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Definition
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Term
| There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves - what is their distribution? |
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Definition
| 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal |
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Term
| Spinal nerves are formed by the merger of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Spinal cord segments and nerves are identified according to what? |
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Definition
| Intervertebral foramen through which the spinal nerve exists the verterbal canal |
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Term
| What is the orientation of C1-7 spinal nerves in relation to cervical vertebrae? |
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Definition
| Above the correspondingly numbered vertebrae |
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Term
| Spinal nerve C8 emerges from where? |
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Definition
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Term
| All spinal nerves apart from cervical spinal nerves are labeled according to what? |
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Definition
| The correspondingly numbered vertebrae above |
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Term
| The distance spinal segments are physically removed from the location where spinal nerves exit the vertebral canal is greatest where? |
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Definition
| Caudal end of the spinal cord |
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Term
| The skeletal muscle that is innervated by motor fibers arising from a single spinal cord is known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The area of skin that is innervated by dorsal roots arising from a single spinal cord segment is referred to as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or false: Dermatomes do not correspond to the distribution of cutaneous nerves |
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Definition
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Term
| A spinal nerve is composed of what component fibers? |
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Definition
| Somatic sensory (GSA), Visceral sensory (GVA), Somatic motor (GSE), Visceral motor (GVE) |
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Term
| Somatic sensory fiber (GSA) neurons are located where? |
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Definition
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Term
| Somatic sensory fibers (GSA) convey what type of information? |
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Definition
| Receptors in skin, muscle, tendons, joints |
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Term
| Visceral sensory fiber (GVA) cell bodies are located where? |
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Definition
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Term
| Visceral sensory fibers receive signals from what? |
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Definition
| Mechanoreceptors and nociceptors within the viscera |
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Term
| Somatic motor fiber (GSE) neurons are found within what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Somatic motor fibers (GSE) innervate what tissues? |
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Definition
| Voluntary body musculature |
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Term
| Visceral motor fiber (GVE) neurons are found where? |
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Definition
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Term
| Visceral motor fibers (GVE) send innervation to what structures? |
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Definition
| Postganglionic innervation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands |
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Term
| Local anesthetic drugs are injected into where in the spinal cord? |
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Definition
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Term
| What specializations are found within the pia that stabilize the spinal cord? |
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Definition
| Denticulate ligaments and filum terminale |
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Term
| Fibrous bands of pia found on each side of the spinal cord between the ventral and dorsal roots are known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the shapes of the apices of the 21 denticulate ligaments on each side of the spinal cord? |
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Definition
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Term
| The filum terminale internum is a thin thread of pia mater tha arise from where? |
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Definition
| Conus medullaris (caudal end of the spinal cord) to thecal sac at S2 |
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Term
| The expansion of the spinal subarachnoid space caudal to the conus medullaris is known as what? |
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Definition
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