Term
| What is the correlation Coefficient? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is "r" or the pearson "r" called? |
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Definition
| the correlation coefficient |
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Term
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Definition
| the degree of linear relationship between two continuous variables |
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Term
| Why is the pearson "r" used? |
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Definition
| because most tings have continuous variables |
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Term
| What are the 4 things that a scatter plot shows you? |
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Definition
Directionality
Linear relationship
presence of outliers
strength of association |
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Term
| What is an example of a High strength of association? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of a weak association? |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of directionality are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of positive directionality? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of a negative association? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two things do you do when there is an outlier? |
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Definition
-make sure you didn't make a transcription error
-investigate the cause of the score |
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Term
| How do you get the total sum of the cross product? |
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Definition
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Term
| What should the top number in the computational method always match? |
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Definition
| the sum of the cross product |
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Term
| What does "r^2" and "1-r^2" represent on a ven diagram? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the sum of the cross product called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the range of "r"? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the numbers and ranges for levels of correlation? |
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Definition
+/- .80 - 1.0 = very strong
+/- .60 - .79 = strong
+/- .40 - .59 = moderate
+/- .20 - .39 = weak
+/- .01 - .19 = very weak
0 = none |
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Term
| How would you say the strength of a correlation in a sentence? (exp. r=.7, x=hours studied, y=test grade) |
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Definition
| There is a strong positive relationship between ours studied and test grades. |
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Term
| What is "r^2" also known as? |
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Definition
| the coefficient of determination |
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Term
| What is the symbol for the coefficiet of determination? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is "1-r^2" also known as? |
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Definition
| the coefficient of nondetermination |
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Term
| What is the symbol the coefficient of nondeterminiation? |
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Definition
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Term
| In a correlation ven diagram, what represents the X values and what represents the Y values? |
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Definition
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Term
| [image]How would you interpret the results of the diagram in terms of X and Y? (X=hours studied, Y=test score) |
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Definition
| 51% (X) of test scores can't be explained by hours studied, but 49% (Y) can be explained by hours studied. |
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Term
| What mathematical equations represents X and Y in correlation questions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What variable is always the dependent variable? |
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Definition
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Term
| What variable s always the independent variable? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which variable always comes chronologically first? |
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Definition
| The Independent variable or X |
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Term
| What are other terms for "Predication"? |
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Definition
Simple Linear Prediction
Simple Linear Regression |
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Term
| What does Simple Linear Regression mean (SLR)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the equation for multiple linear regression (MLR)? |
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Definition
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Term
| When using a prediction equation when is the only time you can truly use it? |
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Definition
| when an observed X value i within the range of X scores used to make the equation |
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Term
| How do you determine the average increase/decrease in correlation per unit changed X? |
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Definition
look at the value attached to X in the line equation or "Multiple Linear Regression" equation
=ax+b |
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Term
| What are other names for Sy.x? |
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Definition
-standard error of prediction
-standard error of regression |
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Term
| Anytime you see a "S" start thinking of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the equation for Sy.x? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the general rule of Sy.x? |
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Definition
| the number should be a low value because it means predictions will be lower and a high correlation |
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Term
| What is a "line of best fit"? |
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Definition
| the line drawn through a correlation graph that segments the points in the most common way |
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Term
| What really places the line of best it? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the equation for the lengths of the lines that stem off of the line the best fit |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the equation for the error of sums of squares |
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Definition
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Term
| What is this called = sum(y-y')^2 how else is it found? |
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Definition
-error of sums of squares
-adding up the lines that stem off of the line of best fit |
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Term
| What are the least squared estimators |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is the Least squared estimators called that? |
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Definition
| because they put th line in a data set so that the Error Sums of Squares is as small as possible |
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Term
How do you verbalize the interpretation of Sy.x?
y' = 8.3
S = Sy.x |
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Definition
68 times out of 100 someones true test score is not more than 2.26 pts. from 8.3
(68 as in 68% under the curve or one standard deviation in both ways or 34%) |
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Term
| What are other words for "Direct" and "Inverse"? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the slope of the line of best fit |
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Term
| How would you interpret the venn diagram? |
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Definition
| __% of variability in ___ was due to ___ while ____ can't be explained by ___. |
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Term
| _____ data will give consistent results? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| should be related to % with emphasis placed on a topic |
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Term
| What are the types of Criterion Validity |
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Definition
Concurrent Validity
Predictive Validity
Construct Validity |
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Term
| What is concurrent validity? What is an example? |
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Definition
happens at the same time
exp. Body fat % with men and women |
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Term
| What is predictive validity? What is an example? |
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Definition
validity in the future
exp. SAT score should predict how well you will do in college |
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Term
| What is construct validity? What is an example? |
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Definition
Can't see, feel or touch the measured variables.
exp. motivation, feelings |
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Term
| What are the parallel forms of reliability testing? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of Interrater reliability? |
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Definition
| the degree a panel of judges rates the same performance |
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Term
| What is an example of intrarater reliability? |
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Definition
| how consistant is any one judge when he/she scores something |
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Term
| What I internal consistency? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| for every X studied Y goes up/down on average ____ points |
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Term
| What is the equation for b not? |
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Definition
| b not = y bar - (b sub 1)(x bar) |
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Term
| How do you interpret b not? |
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Definition
| it is the y intercept on the line of best fit |
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Term
| What 5 things do you keep in mind when designing graphs? |
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Definition
1. plan, plan
2. present one idea per chart
3. make sure that the scales are proportionate
4. simple is best
5. no junk |
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Term
| What is frequency distribution? |
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Definition
| a summary of raw data that indicates how often each data point occurs. |
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Term
| What is an appropriate input of the "input range" field in excel? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an "Ogive" in excel? |
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Definition
| a visual representation of a cumulative frequency distribution |
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Term
| Why is an "ogive" useful? |
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Definition
| it shows the change in the number of scores within each class interval |
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Term
| What is the difference between a bar chart and a column chart? |
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Definition
| a bar chart has the bars going horizontally and a column chart has the bars going vertically |
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Term
| When should you use a Column chart? |
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Definition
| to compare items to one another or examine changes over time |
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Term
| When should you use a Bar chart? |
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Definition
| to compare items to one another or examine changes over time |
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Term
| When should you use a line chart? |
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Definition
| to display data that are continuous over time like trends |
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Term
| When should you use a Area chart? |
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Definition
| to emphasize the amount of change over time |
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Term
| When should you use a scatter chart? |
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Definition
| to show the relationship between two data points across several cases |
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Term
| What is the excel formula for SD of a population? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the excel formula for SD of a sample? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the excel formula for variance of a population? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the excel formula for variance of a sample? |
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Definition
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Term
| What menu is Central Tendancy under in Excel? |
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Definition
| the Descriptive Statistics menu |
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