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State Assessment-Terms
N/A
225
Other
11th Grade
01/05/2011

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Cards

Term

Common good

 

Definition

for the benefit or interest of a politically organized society as a whole

Term

Eminent domain

 

Definition

(1) the right of a sovereign state to appropriate all or part of any property for necessary public use, making reasonable compensation.

(2) The right in international law for one nation to appropriate the territory or property of another for self protection

Term

Government

 

Definition

institutions and procedures through which a territory and its people are ruled.

Term
Rights
Definition

- those individual liberties granted to all persons through the U. S. Constitution.

Term
Rule of Law
Definition

principle that every member of a society, even a ruler, must follow the law.

Term
Trade-Off
Definition

getting less of one thing in order to get a little more of another

Term
Affirmative Action
Definition

any of a wide range of programs aimed at expanding opportunities for women and minorities

Term
Constitution
Definition

a document containing the system of fundamental laws of a nation, state, or society

Term
Equal Opportunity
Definition

the idea that each person is guaranteed the same chance to succeed in life

Term
Responsibility
Definition

that for which anyone is responsible or accountable; as, the responsibilities of power

Term
Society
Definition

a group of people bound together by the same culture

Term
Sovereignty of the People
Definition

ultimate authority are held by people of the United States

Term
Concurrent Powers
Definition

powers shared by both the federal and state government (for example, levying taxes, borrowing money, and spending for the general welfare).

Term
Constitution
Definition

a document containing the system of fundamental laws of a nation, state, or society.

Term
Constitutional Powers
Definition
(See expressed powers)
Term
Expressed Powers
Definition
the powers explicitly granted to Congress by the Constitution (enumerated powers are the same as constitutional powers or expressed powers).
Term
Government
Definition

institutions and procedures through which a territory and its people are ruled.

Term
Implied Powers
Definition

powers assumed by government that are not specifically listed in the Constitution.

Term
Inherent Powers
Definition

those delegated powers of the constitution that are assumed to belong to the national government because it is a sovereign state.

Term
Reserved Powers
Definition

powers that are not specifically granted or denied to the federal government are reserved to the states.

Term
Citizen
Definition
a native or naturalized member of a political community.
Term
Responsibility
Definition

that for which anyone is responsible or accountable; as, the responsibilities of power.

Term
Rights
Definition

those individual liberties granted to all persons through the U. S. Constitution.

Term
Trade-off
Definition

getting less of one thing in order to get a little more of another.

Term
Wages
Definition

payment for labor or services to a worker, usually on an hourly, daily, or weekly basis, or by the piece.

Term
Capitalism
Definition

an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and distribution (land, factories, mines, railroads) and their operation

for profit, under competitive conditions.

Term
Citizenship
Definition

conduct as a citizen; the status of a citizen with rights and duties.

Term
Communism
Definition

a political and economic system based on the writings of Karl Marx in which the state controls the production and distribution of goods, and social

classes and private ownership are discouraged.

Term
Community
Definition

any group living in the same area or having interests, work, etc. in common.

Term
Constitutional monarchy
Definition

monarchy in which the powers of the monarch are restricted by a constitution.

Term
Democracy
Definition

form of government in which political control is exercised by all the people, either directly or through their elected representative.

Term
Dictatorship
Definition

a government system controlled by one ruler who has absolute power and usually controlled by force.

Term
Fascism
Definition
a system of government characterized by strong nationalist, racist, and military policies, ruled by a dictator, with a centralized control of the basic means
of production.
Term
Government
Definition

institutions and procedures through which a territory and its people are ruled.

Term

Imperialism

 

 

Definition

the policy of increasing a nation’s authority by acquiring or controlling other nations.

Term

Parliamentary

Definition

a system of government in which the chief executive is the leader whose party holds the most seats in the legislature after an election or whose

party forms a major part of the ruling coalition.

Term
Rights
Definition

those individual liberties granted to all persons through the U. S. Constitution.

Term
Socialism
Definition

a political and economic system in which government controls resources and industries.

Term
Sovereignty
Definition

ultimate, supreme power in a state; in the United States, sovereignty rests with the people.

Term

Totalitarianism

Definition

a form of government in which the political authority exercises absolute and centralized control over all aspects of life

Term
Trade
Definition

the exchange of goods or services for other goods and services or money.

Term

United Nations Declaration of Human Rights-

Definition

an organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security

Term
Allocation
Definition

the distribution of resources, goods, or services.

Term
Capitalism
Definition

an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and distribution (land, factories, mines, railroads) and their operation

for profit, under competitive conditions.

Term
Economic System
Definition

establishes how a country produces and distributes goods and services.

Term
Era
Definition

a period of history marked by some distinctive characteristic.

Term
Incentives
Definition

something, such as the fear of punishment or the expectation of reward, which induces action or motivates effort.

Term

Mercantilism

 

Definition

an economic system developed in Europe as feudalism died out, intended to unify and increase the power and monetary wealth of a nation by strict

governmental regulation of the entire economy, designed to secure bullion, a favorable balance of trade, the development of agriculture and manufacturing, and

foreign trading monopolies.

Term
Monarchy
Definition

governed by a monarch (king, queen, emperor, empress).

Term
Production
Definition

the creation of value or wealth by producing goods or services.

Term
Profit
Definition
after producing and selling a good or service, profit is the difference between revenue and cost of production. If costs are greater than revenue, profit is
negative (there is a loss).
Term
Resource
Definition

an aspect of the physical environment that people value and use.

Term
Society
Definition

a group of people bound together by the same culture.

Term
Consumer
Definition

a person who buys goods or services to satisfy wants.

Term
Consumption
Definition

the using up of goods and services by consumer purchasing or in the production of other goods.

Term
Demand
Definition

the number of consumers willing and able to purchase a good or service at a given price.

Term
Economy
Definition

the production and distribution of goods and services within an economic system.

Term
Embargo
Definition

government restriction placed on trade.

Term

 

 

Equilibrium point

 

 

Definition

the price at which quantity supplied equals quantity demanded.

Term
Exports
Definition

goods and services produced in one nation and sold to buyers in another nation.

Term
Federal Reserve System
Definition

the independent central bank of the United States that controls the money supply.

Term

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Definition

the total market value of all final goods and services produced in the economy in a given year.

Term
Interest Rate
Definition

the price of money that is borrowed or saved, determined by the forces of supply and demand.

Term
Price
Definition

amount of money that people pay when they buy a good or service. It is largely determined by the buying and selling decisions of consumers and

producers.

Term
Primary Source
Definition

a first-hand account of an event, person, or place (official document, diary, letter, historical photograph, oral testimony).

Term
Resource
Definition

an aspect of the physical environment that people value and use.

Term
Scarcity
Definition

not being able to have everything wanted making choices necessary; when supply is less than demand.

Term
Supply
Definition

the quantity of resources, goods, or services that sellers offer at various prices at a particular time.

Term
Technology
Definition
science applied to achieve practical purposes.
Term
Benifit
Definition

something that satisfies one’s wants.

Term
Comparative Advantage
Definition

 when one individual or nation has an efficiency advantage over another individual or nation with two separate products but has a greater

advantage in one product than in the other. The efficient producer has a comparative advantage for the product in which he or it has greater relative efficiency.

Term
Cost
Definition

something that is given up to satisfy your wants.

Term
Economy
Definition

the production and distribution of goods and services within an economic system.

Term
Exchange Rate
Definition

the price of one currency in relation to another currency.

Term

Mercantilism

Definition

an economic system developed in Europe as feudalism died out, intended to unify and increase the power and monetary wealth of a nation by strict

governmental regulation of the entire economy, designed to secure bullion, a favorable balance of trade, the development of agriculture and manufacturing, and

foreign trading monopolies.

Term
Production
Definition

the creation of value or wealth by producing goods or services.

Term
Specialization
Definition

people who work in jobs where they produce a few special goods and services.

 

Term
Tariff
Definition
a tax imposed on imported goods.
Term
Trade
Definition

the exchange of goods or services for other goods and services or money.

Term
Wages
Definition

 

 

-

 

 

payment for labor or services to a worker, usually on an hourly, daily, or weekly basis, or by the piece.

Term
Budget
Definition

a sum of money allocated for a particular use; a plan for saving and spending money.

Term
Cost
Definition

something that is given up to satisfy your wants.

Term
Debt
Definition

the accumulated negative balance.

Term
Deficit
Definition

a negative balance after expenditures are subtracted from revenues for a specific time period

Term
Economy
Definition

the production and distribution of goods and services within an economic system.

Term
Fiscal policy
Definition
the use of federal government spending, taxing, and debt management to influence general economic activity.
Term
Goods
Definition

something that you can touch or hold.

Term

Government

 

Definition

institutions and procedures through which a territory and its people are ruled.

Term

Infrastructure

Definition

the skeletal framework of a nation (highways, roads, water systems, parks) provided by the public sector.

Term
Services
Definition

something that one person does for someone else.

Term
Society
Definition

a group of people bound together by the same culture.

Term
Spending
Definition

the use of money to buy goods and services.

Term
Wages
Definition

payment for labor or services to a worker, usually on an hourly, daily, or weekly basis, or by the piece.

Term

Benefit

Definition

something that satisfies one’s wants.

Term
Budget
Definition

a sum of money allocated for a particular use; a plan for saving and spending money.

Term
Cost
Definition

something that is given up to satisfy your wants.

Term
Credit
Definition

an arrangement for deferred payment for goods and services; money available for someone to borrow.

Term
Economy
Definition
the production and distribution of goods and services within an economic system.
Term

Expenditures

Definition

spending on goods and services

Term
Income
Definition

financial gain received as wages/salaries, rent, interest, and/or profit.

Term
Interest Rate
Definition

the price of money that is borrowed or saved, determined by the forces of supply and demand.

Term
Productivity
Definition

a measure of goods and services produced over a period of time with a given set of resources.

Term
Savings
Definition

income that is not spent, setting aside income or money for future use.

Term
Technology
Definition

science applied to achieve practical purposes.

Term
Wages
Definition

payment for labor or services to a worker, usually on an hourly, daily, or weekly basis, or by the piece.

Term
Absolute Location
Definition

the location of a point expressed by a grid reference (latitude and longitude).

Term
Community
Definition
any group living in the same area or having interests, work, etc. in common.
Term
Conservation
Definition

the careful use and protection of natural resources, such as soil, forests, and water.

Term
Database
Definition

a compilation, structuring, and categorization of information for analysis and interpretation.

Term
Distribution
Definition

the arrangement of items over a specified area.

Term
Geographic Information System (GIS)
Definition

a computerized geographic database that contains information about the spatial distribution of physical and human characteristics of Earth’s surface.

Term
Geographic Representation
Definition

maps, globes, graphs, diagrams, photographs, and satellite-produced images used to depict selected aspects of the earth’s surface.

Term
Graphic Representations
Definition

maps and graphs used to portray geographic information (thematic and choropleth maps, cartograms, graphs [pie, bar, line, population pyramids]).

Term
Location
Definition

the position of a point on the Earth’s surface, expressed by means of a grid (absolute location) or in relation to the position of other places (relative location).

Term
Market Economy
Definition

a system in which buyers and sellers make major decisions about production and distribution, based on supply and demand.

Term
Mental Maps
Definition

the mental image a person has of an area.

Term
Natural Resource
Definition

resources (fields, forests, the sea, and other gifts of nature) used to produce goods and services.

Term
Physical Feature
Definition

a natural characteristic of a place (elevation, landforms, vegetation).

Term
Political Features
Definition

spatial expressions of political behavior; boundaries on land, water, and air space; cities, towns, counties, countries.

Term
Relative Location
Definition

the location of a place or region in relation to other places or regions (northwest or downstream).

Term
Cultural Characteristics
Definition

(See culture; human feature)

Term
Economic System
Definition

establishes how a country produces and distributes goods and services.

Term
Migration
Definition

the movement of people or other organisms from one region to another.

Term
Places
Definition

locations having distinctive characteristics, which give them meaning and character, and distinguish them from other locations.

Term
Region
Definition

an area with one or more common characteristics or features which make it different from surrounding areas.

Term
Relative Location
Definition

the location of a place or region in relation to other places or regions (northwest or downstream).

Term
Religion
Definition

a system of beliefs for satisfying a peoples’ spiritual wants/needs.

Term
Resource
Definition

an aspect of the physical environment that people value and use.

Term
Technology
Definition

science applied to achieve practical purposes.

Term
Recommendation
Definition

the graduation requirements included in the revised Quality Performance Accreditation regulations will go into effect with the senior class of

2009, or the freshmen of 2005-06. Included in the requirements is a third credit in science. The science program 9-12 must include concepts (not courses) in

biological, physical, and earth science. Please consider the indicators from Benchmark 3 above to create a well-

 

 

rounded study of the earth’s physical systems.

Term
Biological Magnification
Definition

the way chemicals build up in organisms, as each consumes other organisms lower in the food chain.

Term
Carrying Capacity
Definition

the maximum number of animals and/or people a given area can support at a given time.

Term
Depletion
Definition

the lessening or exhaustion of a supply.

Term
Distribution
Definition

the arrangement of items over a specified area

Term
Economy
Definition

the production and distribution of goods and services within an economic system.

Term
Plate Tectonics
Definition

the theory that the uppermost part of the earth is divided into plates that slide or drift very slowly, causing the formation of physical features, such

as mountains.

Term
Physical Process
Definition

a course or method of operation that produces, maintains, or alters Earth’s physical systems (e.g., glaciation, erosion, deposition).

Term
Cultural Diffusion
Definition

the spread of cultural elements from one culture to another.

Term
Distribution
Definition
the arrangement of items over a specified area.
Term
Ethnic Enclaves
Definition

areas or neighborhoods within cities that are homogeneous in their ethnic make-up, and are usually surrounded by different ethnic

 

groups (Chinatown).

Term
Infrastructure
Definition

the skeletal framework of a nation (highways, roads, water systems, parks) provided by the public sector.

Term
Location
Definition

the position of a point on the Earth’s surface, expressed by means of a grid (absolute location) or in relation to the position of other places (relative location).

Term
Market
Definition

exists whenever buyers and sellers exchange goods and services

Term

Megalopolis

Definition

a large, sprawled urban complex, created through the spread and joining of separate metropolitan areas.

Term
Migration
Definition

the movement of people or other organisms from one region to another.

Term
Nationallism
Definition

intense loyalty and devotion to one’s country; desire for national independence.

Term
Region
Definition

an area with one or more common characteristics or features which make it different from surrounding areas.

Term
Trade
Definition
the exchange of goods or services for other goods and services or money.
Term
Carrying Capacity
Definition

the maximum number of animals and/or people a given area can support at a given time.

Term
Human System
Definition

human entities that are interrelated, (a city, an airport, and a transportation network).

Term
Hydrologic Cycle
Definition

the continuous circulation of water from the oceans, through the air, to the land, and back to the sea; evaporation, condensation, and precipitation.

Term
Constitution
Definition

a document containing the system of fundamental laws of a nation, state, or society.

Term
Era
Definition

a period of history marked by some distinctive characteristic.

Term
Primary Source
Definition

a first-hand account of an event, person, or place (official document, diary, letter, historical photograph, oral testimony).

Term
Consumer
Definition

a person who buys goods or services to satisfy wants.

Term
Cost
Definition

something that is given up to satisfy your wants.

Term
Industrialization
Definition

the growth of machine production and the factory system.

Term
Secondary Source
Definition

an account of an event, person, or place that is not first-hand (textbook information, historically based movies, biographies).

Term
Benefit
Definition

something that satisfies one’s wants.

Term
Credit
Definition

an arrangement for deferred payment for goods and services; money available for someone to borrow.

Term
Fundamentalism
Definition

a movement or attitude stressing strict and literal adherence to a set of basic principles.

Term
Imperialism
Definition

the policy of increasing a nation’s authority by acquiring or controlling other nations.

Term
Migration
Definition

the movement of people or other organisms from one region to another.

Term
Militarism
Definition

a policy of aggressive military preparedness.

Term
Nationalism
Definition

intense loyalty and devotion to one’s country; desire for national independence.

Term
Primary Source
Definition

a first-hand account of an event, person, or place (official document, diary, letter, historical photograph, oral testimony).

Term
Production
Definition
the creation of value or wealth by producing goods or services.
Term
Rights
Definition
those individual liberties granted to all persons through the U. S. Constitution.
Term

Social Darwinism

Definition

a theory in sociology that individuals or groups achieve advantage over others as the result of genetic or biological superiority

Term
Society
Definition

a group of people bound together by the same culture.

Term
Technology
Definition

science applied to achieve practical purposes.

Term
Benefit
Definition

something that satisfies one’s wants.

Term
Budget
Definition

a sum of money allocated for a particular use; a plan for saving and spending money.

Term
Community
Definition
any group living in the same area or having interests, work, etc. in common.
Term
Consumer
Definition

a person who buys goods or services to satisfy wants.

 

Term
Cost
Definition

something that is given up to satisfy your wants.

Term
Depression
Definition

a period of drastic decline in a national or international economy, characterized by decreasing business activity, falling prices, and unemployment.

Term
Distribution
Definition

the arrangement of items over a specified area.

Term
Infrastructure
Definition

the skeletal framework of a nation (highways, roads, water systems, parks) provided by the public sector.

Term
Isolationism
Definition

a national policy by which a country does not become involved with other nations in agreements and/or alliances.

Term
Primary Source
Definition

a first-hand account of an event, person, or place (official document, diary, letter, historical photograph, oral testimony).

Term
Totalitarianism
Definition
a form of government in which the political authority exercises absolute and centralized control over all aspects of life
Term
Secondary Source
Definition

an account of an event, person, or place that is not first-hand (textbook information, historically based movies, biographies).

Term
Economy
Definition

the production and distribution of goods and services within an economic system.

Term
Immigration
Definition

to enter and settle in a country to which one is not native.

Term
Absolutism
Definition

- a form of government in which all power is vested in a single ruler or other authority.

Term
Columbian Exchange
Definition
the exchange of products, diseases, and ideas, some positive and others negative, between Europe, Africa and the Americas in the era of
Christopher Columbus.
Term
Constitutionalism
Definition

an idea that the powers of government should be distributed according to a constitution and those powers should be restrained by constitutional

provision.

Term
Counter Reformation
Definition

a reform movement within the Roman Catholic Church that arose in 16th-century Europe in response to the Protestant Reformation.

Term
Culture
Definition

learned behavior of people which includes belief systems, languages, social relationships, institutions, organizations, and material goods (food, clothing,

buildings, tools).

Term
Humanism
Definition

a cultural and intellectual movement of the Renaissance that emphasized secular concerns as a result of the rediscovery and study of the literature,

art, and civilization of ancient Greece and Rome

Term

Isolationism

Definition

a national policy by which a country does not become involved with other nations in agreements and/or alliances.

Term

Mercantilism

Definition

an economic system developed in Europe as feudalism died out, intended to unify and increase the power and monetary wealth of a nation by strict

governmental regulation of the entire economy, designed to secure bullion, a favorable balance of trade, the development of agriculture and manufacturing, and

foreign trading monopolies.

Term
Religion
Definition

a system of beliefs for satisfying peoples’ spiritual wants/needs.

Term
Renissance
Definition

a revival or rebirth, usually referring to the revival of classical learning in Italy after the Middle Ages.

Term

Shi’ism

Definition

the branch of Islam that regards Ali as the legitimate successor to Mohammed and rejects the first three caliphs

Term
Capitalism
Definition

an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and distribution (land, factories, mines, railroads) and their operation

for profit, under competitive conditions.

Term
Communism
Definition
a political and economic system based on the writings of Karl Marx in which the state controls the production and distribution of goods, and social
classes and private ownership are discouraged.
Term
Culture
Definition

learned behavior of people which includes belief systems, languages, social relationships, institutions, organizations, and material goods (food, clothing,

buildings, tools).

Term
Imperialism
Definition

- the policy of increasing a nation’s authority by acquiring or controlling other nations.

Term

Impressionism

Definition
a theory or style of painting originating and developed in France during the 1870s, characterized by concentration on the immediate visual impression produced by a scene and by the use of unmixed primary colors and small strokes to simulate actual reflected light.
Term
Industrialization
Definition

the growth of machine production and the factory system.

Term

Laissez-faire economics

Definition

an economic doctrine that opposes governmental regulation of or interference in commerce beyond the minimum necessary for a freeenterprise

system to operate according to its own economic laws.

Term
Militarism
Definition

a policy of aggressive military preparedness.

Term
Nationalism
Definition

intense loyalty and devotion to one’s country; desire for national independence.

Term
Republic
Definition

a government rooted in the consent of the governed, whose power is exercised by elected representatives responsible to the governed.

Term
Romanticism
Definition

an artistic and intellectual movement originating in Europe in the late 18th century and characterized by a heightened interest in nature, emphasis

on the individual's expression of emotion and imagination, departure from the attitudes and forms of classicism, and rebellion against established social rules and conventions.

Term
Bauhaus
Definition

a German style of architecture begun by Walter Gropius in 1918

Term
Cubism
Definition

a style of painting and sculpture developed in Paris in the early 20th century, characterized by the drawing of natural forms into abstract, often geometric

shapes.

Term
Impressionism
Definition

a theory or style of painting originating and developed in France during the 1870s, characterized by concentration on the immediate visual

impression produced by a scene and by the use of unmixed primary colors and small strokes to simulate actual reflected light.

Term
Nationalism
Definition

intense loyalty and devotion to one’s country; desire for national independence.

Term
Surrealism
Definition

a 20th-century literary and artistic movement that attempted to express the workings of the subconscious and is characterized by fantastic imagery

and incongruous juxtaposition of subject matter.

Term
Communism
Definition

a political and economic system based on the writings of Karl Marx in which the state controls the production and distribution of goods, and social

classes and private ownership are discouraged.

Term
Feminism
Definition

the movement advancing women’s rights and interests.

Term
Fundamentalism
Definition

a movement or attitude stressing strict and literal adherence to a set of basic principles.

Term
Interdependence
Definition

people relying on each other in different places or in the same place for ideas, goods, and services.

Term
Natural Resource
Definition

resources (fields, forests, the sea, and other gifts of nature) used to produce goods and services.

Term
Post-Modernism
Definition

several artistic movements since the 1960s that have challenged the philosophy and practices of modern arts or literature.

Term
Region
Definition
an area with one or more common characteristics or features which make it different from surrounding areas.
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