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| Numerical or graphical representations of samples or populations. Can include numerical measures such as mode, median, mean, standard deviation. Also includes images such as graphs, charts, visual linear regressions. |
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| A part of the population. A sample is usually more than five measurements, observations, objects, or people, and smaller than the complete population. |
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| Measurements of the population. |
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| The complete group of elements, objects, observations, or people. |
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| refers to descriptive measurements, typically non-numerical. |
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| refers to numerical measurements. Quantitative data can be discrete or continuous. |
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| A countable or limited number of possible numeric values. |
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| An infinite number of possible numeric values. |
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| Numerical or graphical representations of samples or populations. Can include numerical measures such as mode, median, mean, standard deviation. Also includes images such as graphs, charts, visual linear regressions. |
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| Using descriptive statistics of a sample to predict the parameters or distribution of values for a population. |
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one selected in a way that:
any member of the population is equally likely to be selected.
any sample of a given size is equally likely to be selected. |
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| Measurements done on the whole population. |
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| a measure related to the average distance of the data from the mean. |
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| sample standard deviation |
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| population standard deviation |
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| indicate how many standard deviations away from the mean is a particular score. This is termed "relative standing" as it is a measure of where in the data the score is relative to the mean and "standardized" by the standard deviation. |
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| The measurement that describes how closely to a line are the points |
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| coefficient of correlation |
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| coefficient of determination |
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| Coefficient of Determination r² |
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| a measure of how much of the variation in the independent x variable explains the variation in the dependent y variable. |
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| the likelihood of an event or outcome. |
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| standard error of the mean. |
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| The standard deviation divided by the square root of the sample size |
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| Margin of Error for the mean |
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| the distance from either end of the condifendence interval to the middle of the confidence interval. |
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| the supposition that there is no change in a value from some pre-existing, historical, or expected value. The null hypothesis literally supposes that the change is null, non-existent, that there is no change. |
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| the supposition that there is a change in the value from some pre-existing, historical, or expected value. Note that the alternate hypothesis does NOT say the "new" value is the correct value, just that whatever the mean μ might be, it is not that given by the null hypothesis. |
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