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| when the patient and experimenter both do not know if they got a placebo or the treatment |
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| comparing a control group and a treatment group |
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| group receiving treatment |
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| group doesnt recevie treatment |
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| A placebo is an inactive treatment or procedure |
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| study where investigators do not assign control and treatment groups |
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| one thing is linked to another |
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| A histogram is a way of summarising data that are measured on an interval scale (either discrete or continuous). |
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| the height each block equals the percentage of cases in the corresponding class interval |
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| the characteristics of a person in a study |
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| A set of data is said to be discrete if the values / observations belonging to it are distinct and separate, i.e. they can be counted |
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| A set of data is said to be continuous if the values / observations belonging to it may take on any value within a finite or infinite interval. |
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| sometimes confounding factor is controlled by this. |
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| The sum of a set of numbers divided by the number of addends |
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| The standard deviation is a measure of how spread out your data are. |
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| The median is the value so that roughly half of the data are smaller and roughly half of the data are larger. |
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| Chance error determines how far away from the true value a sample value is likely to be based on natural variation |
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| Bias is a term which refers to how far the average statistic lies from the parameter it is estimating, that is, the error which arises when estimating a quantity. Errors from chance will cancel each other out in the long run, those from bias will not. |
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| an error that is not determined by chance but is introduced by an inaccuracy (as of observation or measurement) inherent in the system |
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| An outlier is an observation in a data set which is far removed in value from the others in the data set. It is an unusually large or an unusually small value compared to the others. |
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| The normal distribution is pattern for the distribution of a set of data which follows a bell shaped curve |
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