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Statistics
Chapter 2 Definitions
20
Mathematics
Undergraduate 2
03/16/2009

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Term
Frequency Distribution (or Frequency Table)
Definition
lists data values (either individually or by groups of intervals), along with their corresponding frequencies or counts
Term
Lower Class Limits
Definition
are the smallest numbers that can actually belong to different classes
Term
Upper Class Limits
Definition
are the largest numbers that can actually belong to different classes
Term
Class Boundaries
Definition
are the numbers used to separate classes, but without the gaps created by class limits
Term
Class Midpoints
Definition
can be found by adding the lower class limit to the upper class limit and dividing the sum by two
Term
Class Width
Definition
is the difference between two consecutive lower class limit or two consecutive lower class boundaries
Term
What is the formula for finding class width
Definition

max value - min value

number of classes 

Term
Relative Frequency Distribution
Definition

includes the same class limits as a frequency distribution, but relative frequencies are used instead of actual frequencies

 

class frequency 

sum of all frequencies 

Term
What is the formula for Cumulative Frequency Distribution
Definition

The cumulative frequency for a class is the sum of the frequency for that class and all previous classes.

 

a + b = 1st cumulative frequency

a + b + c = 2nd cumulative frequency

a + b + c + d = 3rd cumulative frequency,... 

Term
Histogram
Definition
A bar graph in which the horizontal scale represents the classes of data values and the vertical scale represents the frequencies
Term
Relative Frequency Histogram
Definition
Has the same shape and horizontal scale as a histogram, but the vertical scale is marked with relative frequencies instead of actual frequencies
Term
What's the characteristic of a Frequency Polygon?
Definition
Uses line segments connected to points directly above class midpoint values
Term
Ogive
Definition
A line graph that depicts cumulative frequencies
Term
Dot Plot
Definition
Consists of a graph in which each data value is plotted as a point (or dot) along a scale of values
Term
Stemplot (or Stem-and-Leaf Plot)
Definition
Represents data by separating each value into two parts: the stem (such as the leftmost digit) and the leaf (such as the rightmost digit)
Term
 Pareto Chart
Definition
A bar graph for qualitative data, with the bars arranged in order according to frequencies
Term
Pie Chart
Definition
A graph depicting qualitative data as slices of a pie
Term
Scatter Plot (or Scatter Diagram)
Definition
A plot of paired (x,y) data with a horizontal x-axis and a vertical y-axis
Term
Time-Series Graph
Definition
Data that have been collected at different points in time
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