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Definition
| the collection of all outcomes, responses, measurements, or counts that are of interest |
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| a subset of the population |
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| a numerical description of a population characteristic |
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| a numerical description of a sample characteristic |
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Definition
| the branch of statistics that involves the organization, summarization, and display of data |
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| the branch of statistics that involves using a sample to draw conclusions about a population. A basic tool in the study of inferential statistics is probability. |
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| consist of attributes, labels, or nonnumerical entries |
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| consist of numerical measurements or counts. |
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Definition
-members of the population are divided into two or more subsets, called strata, that share a similiar characteristic such as age, gender, ethnicity, or even political preference
-a sample is then randomly selected from each of the strata
-ensures that each segment of the population is respresented |
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Definition
-when a population falls into naturally occuring subgroups,each have similiar characteristics
-divide the population into groups and select all of the members in one or more (but not all) of the groups
-care must be taken to ensure that all have similiar characteristics |
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Definition
-each member of the population is given a number
-members of population are ordered in some way, a starting number is randomly selected, and then sample members are selected at regular intervals from the starting number |
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Definition
-never used b/c of its biased outcomes
-consists only of available members of the population |
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| a table that shows classes or intervals of data entries with a count of the number of entries in each class. The frequency f of a class is the number of data entries in the class |
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Definition
| a bar graph that represents the frequency distribution of a data set. |
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| a circle that is divided into sectors that represent categories |
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| a vertical bar graph in which the height of each bar represents frequency or relative frequency |
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| the some of the data entries divided by the number of entries |
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Definition
-the value that lies in the middle of the data when the data set is ordered
-measures the center of an ordered data set by dividing it into two equal parts
- either middle number or mean of two middle numbers |
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Definition
-the data entry that occurs with the greatest frequency
- there can be none
-can be two |
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| a data entry that is far removed from the other entries in the data set |
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| the mean of a data set whose entries have varying weights |
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| when a vertical line can be drawn through the middle of a graph of the distribution and the resulting halves are approximately mirror images |
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Definition
| when all entries, or classes, in the distribution have equal or approximately equal frequencies which is also symmetric |
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| if the tail of the graph elongates more to one side than to the other |
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Definition
| the difference between the maximum and minimum data entries in the set which must be quantitative |
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| x in a population data set is the difference between the entry and the mean µ of the data set |
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Definition
| approximately divide an ordered data set into four equal parts |
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| Interquartile Range (IQR) |
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Definition
| the difference between the third and first quartiles |
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| Standard Score or z-score |
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Definition
| represents the number of standard deviations a given value x falls from the mean µ |
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