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Statistics (Col/Alameda S2006)
Chapter 1 (Elementary Statistics 9ed - Johnson/Kuby)
28
Mathematics
Undergraduate 3
02/07/2006

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Term
Population
Definition
A collection, or set, of individuals or objects or events whose properties are to be analyzed.
Term
Sample
Definition
A subset of a population
Term
Variable (or Response Variable)
Definition
A characteristic of interest about each individual element of a population or sample.
Term
Data (singular)
Definition
The value of the variable associated with one element of a population or sample. This value may be a number, a word, or a symbol.
Term
Data (plural)
Definition
The set of values collected for a singular variable. These values are collected from each of the elements that belong to the sample.
Term
Experiment
Definition
A planned activity whose results yield a set of data.
Term
Parameter
Definition
A numerical value summarizing all the data of an entire population. Example: The average age at admission time, for all students who have ever attented a specific college.
Term
Statistic
Definition
A numerical value summarizing the sample data. Example: Average height found by using a subset of 25 heights.
Term
Qualitative Variable

(also called Attributive or Categorical)
Definition
A variable that describes or categorizes an element of a population. Example: Level of satisfaction
Term
Quantitative Variable

(also called Numerical)
Definition
A variable that quantifies an element of a population. Example: How many students...
Term
Nominal Variable
Definition
A qualitative variable that describes or names an element of a population. Arithmetic opeations are meaningless on this kind of variable, and they cannot be ordered. Example: hair color
Term
Ordinal Variable
Definition
A qualitative cariable that incorporates an ordered position or ranking. Example: Bed too big, bed too small, bed just right
Term
Discrete Variable
Definition
A variable which cannot have a partial value between two other values. For example, there can be 2 people or 3 people, but not 2.5 people.
Term
Continuous Value
Definition
Can have an uncluntable number of values, including every possible value between two values. Example: weight
Term
Biased Sampling Method
Definition
A sampling method that produces values that systematically differ from the population being sampled. May not representative of the population.
Term
Convenience Sample
Definition
Sample selected from elements that are easily accessible. For example, interviewing voters exiting the polls, instead of going door to door with a registered voter list.
Term
Volunteer Sample
Definition
Data is collected from elements of the population that volunteer. Example: satisfaction surveys
Term
Observational Study
Definition
Data collector does not modify the environment or control the process being observed.
Term
Sampling Frame
Definition
A list of the elements that belong to the population from which the sample will be drawn. Helps define a representative sample.
Term
Judgement Samples
Definition
Samples that are selected on the basis of being "typical."
Term
Probability Sample
Definition
Samples in which the elements to be selected are drawn on the basis of probability. Each elemtn in a population has a certain known probability of being selected as part of the sample.
Term
Simple Random Sample
Definition
A sample selected in such a way that every element in the population has an equal chance of being selected.
Term
Systematic Sample
Definition
A sample in which every nth item of the sampling frame is selected, starting from a random first element.
Term
Stratified Random Sample
Definition
A sample obtained by stratifying the sampling frame into subpopulations, then selecting a fixed number of items from each strata by means of a simple random sampling technique
Term
Proportional Sample
Definition
A sample obtained by stratifying the sampling frame, then selecting a number of items in proportion to the size of the strata (ex. 1 in 150)
Term
Cluster Sample
Definition
A sample obtained by sampling some, but not all of the possible subdvisions in a population. These subdivisions, or clusters, often occur naturally within the population.
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