Term
| Some things that affect forage management decisions |
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Definition
-Climate
-The forage being stored
-What you’re storing it for |
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Term
| the most common form of baling in the SE |
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Definition
| baleage because it’s too moist to do hay |
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Term
| why baleage is the most common form of baling in the SE |
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Definition
| because it’s too moist to do hay |
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Term
| the least expensive silo to build |
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Definition
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Term
| why it is necessary to pack the forage |
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Definition
| to minimize oxygen in mass |
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Term
| the silos that are best at excluding oxygen |
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Definition
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Term
| description of phase 1 of silage fermentation |
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Definition
– oxygen depletion by aerobic organisms
- Soluble CHO are reduced
- Proteins converted to ammonia (2 days) |
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Term
| Best Management Practices to minimize losses in Phase 1 of silage fermentation |
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Definition
-Exhaust oxygen rapidly through adequate compaction of the forage in order to limit time in phase one
-Cover silage as soon as possible with plastic to prevent oxygen exposure of the forage mass |
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Term
| description of phase 2 of silage fermentation |
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Definition
-Initial anaerobic fermentation
-CHO converted to acetic acid, pH drops to 5.0 (2-3 days) |
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Term
| Best Management Practices to minimize losses in Phase 2 of silage fermentation |
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Definition
-Harvest forage at adequate DM
+Too wet (low DM), important effluent losses
+Furthermore, low DM forages >>> lower CHO content >>> lower acid production, creating a longer period to reach the stable phase.
-Bacterial inoculants can be added to aid in the rapid decrease in forage pH.
+Additives are not a solution to poor management in other phases of silage production (poor packing and harvesting at improper DM, …) |
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Term
| description of phase 3 of silage fermentation |
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Definition
-Main Fermentation Phase
-Increasing acid inhibits acetic producers and lactic acid producers take over
-pH drops to < ~4.5 (3-4 days) |
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Term
| description of phase 4 of silage fermentation |
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Definition
-Continuation of phase 3.
-More lactic acid and pH drops to 4.0.
-(4-21 days) |
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Term
| description of phase 5 of silage fermentation |
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Definition
-Silage is stable
-no fermentation |
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Term
| description of phase 6 of silage fermentation |
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Definition
-Feeding phase,
-Silage removed, aerobic decomposition and increase in pH to 7.0 |
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Term
| Best Management Practices to minimize losses in Phase 6 of silage fermentation |
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Definition
-Size the silage structure according to feed out needs to minimize the surface area exposed to oxygen and to rapidly progress through the silage face (depth removed)
-Minimize the time between removal of silage from the structure and feeding to animals in order to limit exposure to oxygen
-Maintain a straight, smooth face to reduce exposed surface area and to prevent oxygen from penetrating the forage mass. |
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Term
| Why make baleage instead of hay? |
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Definition
- Good in humid areas – reduced losses from environmental variables
- More nutrients preserved
- Consistent forage quality
- Time management permits harvest at ideal time
- Reduce nitrates in drought stricken forage
- Low cost |
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Term
| some devices used for measuring moisture in stored forage |
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Definition
-Heat-type moisture testers
-Capacitance meter |
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Term
| Heat-type moisture testers |
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Definition
-Consist of a heater/fan drying unit, a screen-bottomed sample container, and a simple spring scale
-Uses the weight difference between the wet forage and dry forage
-Takes 23-30 min |
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Term
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Definition
-The electrical resistance of forage is measured between two metal contacts at the tip of the probe when inserted into the forage.
-Testers determine forage moisture concentration based on the relationship between moisture concentration and electrical conductivity. |
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Term
| the cheapest way to ensile forage |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Cutting
-Conditioning (or not)
-Swath manipulation (tedding)
-Packaging (bale type)
-Storage |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-flail (impeller) conditioner
-Crimper (roller) type of conditioner |
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Term
| details about flail (impeller) conditioner |
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Definition
-Creates a stripping action
-Impeller has greater capacity
-Flail conditioner designed for grasses
-Impeller tends to have higher losses on legumes
+2 to 3 % higher field losses with alfalfa
-The loss is all leaves so forage quality is significantly reduced. |
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Term
| details about Crimper (roller) type of conditioner |
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Definition
-Roll creates a crushing action
-Roll conditioner works better for alfalfa
-Roll with rotary mower will leave strips in light crops (Limited air through rear of machine) |
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Term
| do this to hay to get uniform drying in the swath |
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Definition
| Tedding hay is essential to get uniform drying in the swath |
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Term
| do this to the tedded swaths prior to baling |
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Definition
| Combining tedded swaths into one large swath prior to baling |
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Term
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Definition
-large square baler
-small square baler |
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Term
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Definition
-Variable chamber round baler
-Fixed chamber round baler |
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Term
| where the majority of the bale is |
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Definition
The majority of the bale is in the surface 12” of the mass
that is, the outer 18.18181818% of the bale |
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Term
| where most hay in GA is stored |
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Definition
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