Term
define muscular strength (2) |
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Definition
maximal contractile force, ability to hold a position or control a body sgement as it moves into and out of a position against gravity or with added resistance |
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Term
define muscular endurance (2) |
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Definition
ability of mm to perform work over time and assumes some component of muscular strength. the ability to sustain static or repetitive muscle contraction for long periods of time |
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Term
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Definition
ability to release maximal muscular force within a specified time |
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Term
children need strength to promote (2) |
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Definition
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Term
children need strength to promote development of (3) |
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Definition
cognitive, psychological, and physical |
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Term
children need strength to promote fitness (3) |
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Definition
endurance, flexibility, joint integrity |
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Term
MMT may not be able to ID strength issues until there is what? |
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Definition
a greater than 50% deficit |
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Term
Issues with MMT: children under the mental age of 5 |
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Definition
may not understand the concept of resistance (holding) |
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Term
Issues with MMT: the examiner |
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Definition
must know normal movement patterns against gravity |
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Term
Issues with MMT: factors that may affect testing results(2) |
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Definition
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Term
how SHOULD strength be graded in pediatrics |
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Definition
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Term
grading system for strength in pediatrics from best to wrost |
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Definition
normal, good, fair, poor, trace, zero |
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Term
Grading Strength in Pedatrics: Normal/Good |
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Definition
child can hold briefly against resistance as expected for age. able to move through full ROM against the resistance of a small weight placed on the extremity |
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Term
Grading Strength in Pedatrics: fair |
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Definition
ability of the mm/mm group to move a segement through a complete ROM against gravity (vertical movement) |
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Term
Grading Strength in Pedatrics: poor |
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Definition
complete horizontal movement (gravity lessened) or a partial movement in the vertical plane |
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Term
Grading Strength in Pedatrics: trace |
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Definition
slight contraction (felt through palpation) w/o joint movement |
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Term
Grading Strength in Pedatrics: zero |
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Definition
no detectable contraction |
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Term
Grading Strength in Pedatrics: functional |
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Definition
normal for age or only slight delay. can accomplish age appropriate activity |
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Term
Grading Strength in Pedatrics: weak functional |
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Definition
moderate impairment or delay that affects activity pattern, BoS, or control against gravity, or decreases exploration |
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Term
Grading Strength in Pedatrics: non-functional |
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Definition
severe impairment or delay; activity pattern has only elements of correct muscular activity |
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Term
Grading Strength in Pedatrics: no function |
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Definition
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Term
Grading Strength in Pedatrics: alternative method not based on function or strength |
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Definition
characterization of weakness |
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Term
Grading Strength in Pedatrics: characterization of the weakness is an alternative method which is categorized how? |
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Definition
minimal, mild, moderate, or severe |
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Term
Grading Strength in Pedatrics: which system has the best intra-rater reliability? |
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Definition
characterization of weakness |
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Term
documentation of strength deficits must include what? |
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Definition
what the child cannot do functionally |
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Term
What must be considered prior to testing of strength in pediatrics? |
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Definition
effects of gravity, positioning |
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Term
Documenting strength: The PT should observe what (7) |
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Definition
spontaneous movements, functional activities, play, symmetry, coordination, smoothness in performance, effort, muscle power/relationships |
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Term
Documenting strength: in observing effort what must first be considered? |
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Definition
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Term
Documenting strength: observation of muscle power can be demonstrated by what (5) |
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Definition
isometric, isotonic, eccentric, concentric control. agonist/antagonist relationship |
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Term
Documenting strength: Most important observation regardless of what is being tested? |
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Definition
what can the child do in their natural environment |
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Term
Documenting strength: ask teh parents about what? |
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Definition
what motivates/frustrates the child |
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Term
movement can refer to what (2) |
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Definition
both posture and movement |
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Term
muscle groups being tested in quadruped |
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Definition
head extensors, shoulder girdle, core, hips etc |
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Term
muscles being tested in horizontal suspension |
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Definition
all antigravity extensors |
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Term
antigravity extension progression from birth to 8 years old |
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Definition
raise head, extension with support at hips, airplane position |
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Term
hip and knee extension progression |
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Definition
maintain kneeling, squat and stand without falling |
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Term
what does hypotonicity feel like for the pt? |
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Definition
great effort to move agianst gravity. limbs feel heavy |
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Term
clinical examples of hypotonicity |
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Definition
global delay, down syndrome |
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Term
a strengthening program for hypertonicity should include what? |
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Definition
lengthen before you strengthen |
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Term
pt's with spina bifida have weakness d/t what? |
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Definition
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Term
important distinction in assessment of remaining muscle function for spina bifida patients |
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Definition
reflexive versus voltional movement |
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Term
spina bifida pt's should strengthen muscle groups which would assist with what? |
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Definition
efficiency with transfers, mobility, and potential ambulation |
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Term
spina bifida patients should work on what muscle groups for using AD's (2) |
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Definition
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Term
weakness from DMD is d/t what |
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Definition
neuromuscular deterioriation |
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Term
purpose of the DMD assessment (2) |
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Definition
assessing progression of the disease, reliable and sensitive to changes in strength |
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Term
parent education for DMD should include what |
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Definition
explaning pseduo-hypertrophy |
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Term
test to predict termination of walking in DMD |
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Definition
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Term
the siegel method to predict termination of walking states that what value is a good indicator for loss of independent ambulation within months? |
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Definition
combined lag of hip and knee extension of greater than 90 degrees |
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Term
the siegel method tests what simply? |
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Definition
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Term
the gower's maneuver is common to what diagnosis? |
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Definition
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Term
what does the gower's maneuver indicate? |
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Definition
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Term
purpose of strengthening/conditioning programs for DMD (2) |
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Definition
slow progression of deterioration, maintain ability for everyday tasks |
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Term
purpose of strengthening/conditioning programs for DMD (2) |
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Definition
slow progression of deterioration, maintain ability for everyday tasks |
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Term
JIA: weakness is due to what? |
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Definition
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Term
JIA: how should strength be tested? |
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Definition
isometric contractions at multiple angles |
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Term
JIA: when can dynamic testing (through the range be done) |
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Definition
absence of inflammation or joint damage |
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Term
JIA: MMT results can be affected by (6) |
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Definition
ROM limitations and stiffness, pain, deformity, anemia, specific mm atrophy, generalized chronic weakness |
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Term
JIA: if testing MMT what behaviors should be observed for? |
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Definition
guarding, rubbing, bracing, splinting |
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Term
JIA: when should testing be done? |
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Definition
at onset of disease/dx and tested periodically to monitor changes |
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Term
JIA: how should endurance strength testing be done? |
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Definition
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Term
JIA: important note about testing/exercise programs |
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Definition
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Term
JIA: what type of testing should be done? (2) |
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Definition
functional muscle groups, antigravity muscle groups |
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Term
JIA: this needs to be measured for symmetry |
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Definition
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Term
JIA: when should the PT focus on strengthening and increasing ROM |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
CP: transitioning form childhood to adolescent goal |
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Definition
maintain ability to ambulate through maximal strength and aerobic functioning |
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Term
CP: why can ambulation become difficult when transitioning from child to adolescence |
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Definition
increase in body mass, muscle mass, height without an increase in strength |
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Term
CP: the program must have what? |
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Definition
intensity beyond habitual or routine exercise or PE class |
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Term
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Definition
fitness (strengthening, aerobic, ROM) |
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Term
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Definition
task-specific (gait-training, stair training) |
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