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Surgery-Anesthesia
N/A
65
Veterinary Medicine
Undergraduate 2
08/25/2009

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What are the steps of Anesthesia?
Definition

1.) Patient Evaluation and Preparation

2.) Equipment and Supplies

3.) Pre-Anesthetic Medication

4.) Induction

5.) Maintenance

6.) Recovery

Term

True or False:

Heart Rate and Respiratory Rates are commonly used to assess depth of anesthesia.

Definition
True!
Term
What is the TPR of a dog?
Definition

T- 99.5 - 102.2

P- 70 - 160

R- 10 - 30

Term
What is the correct stage and plane for surgery?
Definition
Stage 3, Plane 2
Term
What are the anesthetic planes?
Definition

Stage 1- Amnesia

Stage 2- Excitement or Delirum

Stage 3- Anesthesia

Plane 1: Light Anesthesia

Plane 2: Surgical Anesthesia

Plane 3: Deep Anesthesia

Plane 4: Overdosage

Plane 5: Terminal

 

Term
What are 4 of the functions of preanesthetics?
Definition

Calms  the patient, Aids in Restraint, Reduce Pain and Discomfort, Decreases salivation, Minimizes vagal reflexes,Smooth anesthetic induction and recovery, Minimizes doses anesthetics required for induction and maintenance

 

Term
What  are some of the common reflexes used to monitor depth of anesthesia?
Definition
Palpebral Reflex, Corneal Reflex, Pupillary Reflex, Pedal Reflex and Muscle Tone
Term
What are the two forms  that anesthetic  agents come in and what are they commonly used for?
Definition

Injectable: Used for Induction

Inhalant: Used for maintenance

Term
What are the types of pre-anesthetic agents?
Definition
Anticholinergics, Tranquilizers and Sedatives, Opoids, Neuroleptanalgesics
Term
______ is used to reduce or eliminated some of the undesirable effects of anesthesia.
Definition
Anticholinergics
Term
True or False: Atropine is always used in equine anesthesia!
Definition
False! Atropine can decrease GI motility which can cause colic. For this reason Glycopyrolate is used in equine anesthesia
Term
What is Cardiac Output?
Definition
Stroke Volume *  Heart Rate
Term

What are the functions of Tranquilizer and Sedatives?

 

Definition
Decreases Anxiety, Aids in Restraints, Decreases amount  of general anesthetic needed, Aids in a smoother recovery
Term
_____ lowers the seizure threshold while _____ has the opposite effect.
Definition
"Ace" and Valium
Term
_____ are very potent analgesics often used in preanesthesisa and post-op pain.
Definition
Opoids
Term
Name a few common opoids.
Definition
Morphine, Oxymorphine, Butorphanol, Fentanyl
Term
What are Neuroleptanalgesics?
Definition
A combination of tranquilizers and opoids that  can provide sufficient analgesia and amnesia for minor surgical procedures.
Term
Acepromazine + Oxymorphine is an example of what type of preanesthetic drug?
Definition
Neuroleptanalgesics
Term
_______ _______ used to induce and maintain general anesthesia.
Definition
Anesthetic Agents
Term
4 classifications of Barbituates
Definition
Long Acting, Intermediate Acting, Short Acting, and Ultral Short Acting
Term
________ causes rapid anesthesia to allow for intubation for maintenance or for short acting procedures.
Definition
Thiopental
Term
Dangerous Side effects of Thiopental are:
Definition
Apnea, Vasodilation and decrease in blood pressure, Dramatically reduces heart rate if overdosed, and Perivascular sloughin
Term
Ketamine should always be used with a ______.
Definition
Sedative
Term
______ is supplied in emulsion of soybean oil and purified egg phospatide and glycerol
Definition
Propofol
Term
5 common Inhalant anesthetics.
Definition
Nitrous Oxide, Methoxyflurane, Halothane, Isoflurane, Sevoflurane
Term
What is the function of a vaporizer?
Definition
Converts liquid anesthetics into gas once oxygen  flows by the vaporizer
Term
M.A.C.
Definition
Minimum  Alveolar Concentration
Term
M.A.C. indicates _____ of an anesthetic
Definition
Potency
Term
The lower the M.A.C. value the _____ the potency.
Definition
Greater
Term

______ describes how an anesthetic is distributed between:

  • ______ and ______
  • _______ and ________
Definition

Solubility

Blood and Gas

Tissue and Blood

Term
The higher the number the _____ soluble it is
Definition
more
Term
__________ the passge of oxygenated blood to body tissues.
Definition
Perfusion
Term
Horse TPR
Definition

T- 98.6 - 101.3

P- 28 - 50

R- 8 - 20

Term
The five Hypos:
Definition
Hypoxemia, Hypovolemia, Hypotension, Hypoventilation, and Hypothermia
Term
What is Hypoxemia?
Definition
Deficient oxygenation of blood
Term
What is Hypoventilation?
Definition
Decrease in the amount of air entering the pulmonary alveoli
Term
What is Hypotension?
Definition
Decreased blood pressure
Term
What is Hypovolemia?
Definition
Abnormally decreased  volume of circulating plasma in the body
Term
Hypothermia
Definition
Low Body Temp
Term
Bovine TPR
Definition

T- 100.4 - 102.2

P- 40 -80

R- 12 - 36

Term
____________ ______ are used to deliver oxygen/anesthetic gas  and to prevent aspiration pneumonia.
Definition
Endotracheal Tube
Term
Tip should not extend into the ______ _____
Definition
Thoracic Inlet
Term
The adapter end should not extend out ot the mouth more than _________ inches
Definition
1 or 2
Term
Stylets can be used but should never:
Definition
Extend beyond the tip of the tube
Term
When H tanks are at  or above 2000 psi it is considered:
Definition
Full
Term
When is an H tank considered  empty or close to....
Definition
500 psi
Term
________ _______ reduce the pressure to a level that will not damage the anesthetic machine. It takes it down to ___ psi.
Definition
Pressure Regulator; 50
Term
_____ _____ Controls the amount of oxygen flowing through the vaporizer.
Definition
Flow Meter
Term
True or False: You should tighten the flow meter as tight as possible
Definition
False! Common source of leaks
Term
Cat TPR
Definition

T- 100.4 - 102.2

P- 150 - 210

R- 24 - 42

Term
What are a few ways to monitor anesthesia?
Definition
Auscultation(Esophageal or regular stethoscope),Palpation of arteries, MM color, CRT, Pulse Oximeter, Body Temp. , Respiration Rate, Pupil Position, Jaw Tone
Term
_______ _____ to outside environment via suction; ______ ____ routed to carbon canister.
Definition
Active Scavenger; Passive Scavenger
Term
How do you correct Hypovolemia?
Definition
Corrected by a DVM ( either a blood transfusion or IV fluid therapy)
Term
How do you correct Hypothermia?
Definition
Water re-circulating blanket, heating pad covered with towel, rice bags
Term
How do you correct Hypoventilation?
Definition
By breathing for the patient, administering Doxapram (with DVM permission) or turning down vaporizer and allowing the patient to breath O2
Term
How do you correct Hypotension?
Definition

Increasing IV fluid rate  (with DVM permission) or turning down the vaporizer

 

Term
How do you correct Hypoxemia?
Definition
Breathing fresh O2 or by turning off/down the vaporizer
Term
What should you do if the patient starts waking up on the table?
Definition

1.) Alert the DVM

2.) Check ET  tube

3.) Check anesthetic Machine

Term
When an animal  starts  regurgitating, what should you do?
Definition
Alert the DVM. Then place the head off the table pointing to the floor and let the gravity do the work. You may have  to lavage  the oral cavity to  get all the gunk out.
Term
How long should a patient breath O2 for during recovery?
Definition
5 Minutes
Term
When can you pull out the ET tube?
Definition
After the patient swallows twice
Term
True or False: Measurements should be taken and recorded at least every 10 minutes until the patient is recovered.
Definition
False! Every 5  minutes
Term
_______ purposeful derangement of the patients normal physiologic processes to produce a state of unconsciousness, analgesia, and amnesia.
Definition
Anesthesia!
Term
Analgesia
Definition
Absence of pain sensation
Term
Amnesia
Definition
Loss of Memory
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