Term
| Which valves require anticoag? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When do you have to replace tissue valves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prognosis for dilated cardiomyopathy? |
|
Definition
1/3 recover
1/3 stay the same with meds
1/3 die |
|
|
Term
| Tx for dilated cardiomyopathy |
|
Definition
| immunosuppressives, steroids, diuretics, beta blockers, heart transplant |
|
|
Term
| Dilated cardiomyopathy: improvement with what med? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dilated cardiomyopathy: What is life saving? |
|
Definition
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Term
| Heart transplant procedure? |
|
Definition
1. Harvest from brain dead donor
2. Isolated from circulation, perfused with cardioplegia soln, removed
3. Heart kept cold
4. Remove recipient's heart with bypass
5. Donor heart sutured to recipient atria
6. Anastomose pulmonary arts and aorta
7. Re-establish circulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pharyngeal diverticulum (pulsion diverticulum) between the lower pharyngeal constrictor and cricopharyngeal mm. |
|
|
Term
| Complication of pulsion diverticulum at the distal esophageal gastric junction |
|
Definition
| Food gets stuck, regurgitated, and aspirated causing PNA |
|
|
Term
| Bird's beak and poor peristalsis of esophagus on barium swallow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Loss of smooth mm ganglionic cells of Auerback plexus and neuronal degeneration in the esophagus |
|
Definition
| Histopathology of achalasia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ca channel blockers
Disruption of the loer esophageal high pressure zone --> Heller myotomy (100% pts improve) or transesophageal pneumatic dilation (60% pts improve) |
|
|
Term
| Esophageal cancers: location and id |
|
Definition
top 1/3 = squamous cell ca
bottom 1/3 = more adenoca |
|
|
Term
| Tx: Ca in upper 1/3 esophagus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tx: Ca in esophagus middle 1/3 |
|
Definition
| Irradiation + chemo - need to downsize tumor, may include surgical debulking |
|
|
Term
| Common anterior mediastinum tumors? |
|
Definition
| Thymoma, lymphoma, teratoma, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkins lymphoma |
|
|
Term
| Common middle mediastinum tumors? |
|
Definition
| Lymphatic tumors and cysts. |
|
|
Term
| Common poterior mediastinum tumors? |
|
Definition
| Neurogenic tumors next to vertebral bodies. Neurilemoma. |
|
|
Term
| Brief neurologic defect that completely resolves in 24 hrs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tx for >70% carotid occlusion |
|
Definition
1. endarterectomy
2. aspirin
endarterectomy is 3x more effective than asa at preventing major strokes in a 2 yr period. |
|
|
Term
| What is important to watch carefully in carotid endarterectomy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transient blindness b/c of emboli from the carotid artery bifurcation to the retina (TIA to the ophthalmic artery) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bright shiny spot on a retinal artery - happens with retinal artery embolus |
|
|
Term
| Tx for leg with pain, pallor, pulseless, poikilothermic, paralysis, paresthesias? |
|
Definition
Ballon catheter embolectomy.
Heparin before that.
Hopefully revascularized w/i 6 hrs.
This is iliofemoral artery embolus. |
|
|
Term
| Ischemia-reprofusion injury causing muscle group to stop working |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Compartment syndrome: mmHg when irreversible ischemic mm and nn injury occurs |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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