"Birth if Opera"

Group of dudes, Giovanni Bardi, Vincento Galini, Gulio Caccini decided to recreate/emulate ancient greek rhetoric and performance.

Small scenes and stories presented musically on stage

Monody

Any 17th century work consisting of a solo voice supported by a basso continuo

Opera (Beginnings)

Performed for the court, usually had the subject of a greek tradgity or legend

Opera Seria

"serious opera"

Cultivated in 1680, particularly in Italy. 

Featured strict divisions between the recitative and aria, ephasis on virtuoso singing, and often used castrati. Librettos drawn from ancient history

Concertato madrigal

Madrigal that used instruments that were independent of the vocal parts. 

Was a baller.  Wrote Orfeo (1607), the first legit opera

1587-1638

Had careers in Mantua and Venice, introduced the Genre Concitato

Giovanni Artusi

Composer and theorist who criticized monteverdi for his use of dissonance.

Cruda Amarilli

Five voiced work written by Monteverdi, which was later torn apart with criticizms by Artusi, who objected to the dissonance and the uses of cadences in the twelfth mode.  

Genere Concitato

"agitated" or "warlike" manner developed by monteverdi. Characterized by the use of rapid notes.

Ritornello

"brief return" Returns several times over the course of the work, usually after a particularly contrasting section of material

Heinrich Schutz

German, 1585-1672

Wrote a lot of sacred music. Studied in italy, embraced the 2nd practica ideas w/o abandoning the first. Worked in dresden

Masque

Theatrical genre of the 17th century ENGLAND. Featured a mix of poetry, songs, scenery, dance, and instrumental music.

Pasticcio

A work whose individual units are written by several different composers.

Lully, Jean-baptist

Italian born, French composter (1632-1687)

Singer, Dancer, Violinist. Worked for Louis XIV. Struck his foot with a conducting cane.

Philippe Quinault

Poet 1635-1688

Created the Tragede en musique/ lyrique

Da Capo aria

ABA form aria with an embellishment in the return of a. 

Tradédie Lyrique (en musique)

No opera in france until 1673. Created due to foreign influences in the 17th century. Supported and financed by the french court. 

Subject matter consisted of myths and stories that were understood to flatter the king.

George Frideric Handel

1685-1759

Composed operas, orotorios, etc.

Worked in germany, but had most success in england. 

Henry Purcell

BRITISH! Wrote one opera, Dido and Aenaes.

Semi-opera

Popular in england in the second half of the 17th century. Essentially plays with musical numbers.

Cantata

"to be sung" a work for vocal soloist and a performance force of varying size.

Accompanied Recitative

Recitative accompanied by an orchestra

Simple Recitative

minimal accompanient, used to get through a lot of text. yo.

Fugue

Subject and a counter-subject. 

1. Tune

2. other tune

then they combine.

Exposition/eipsode/?? subject enters/ stretto/ then end!

Dance Suite

Suite/set of dance numbers

Trio Sonata

Basso Continuo, and 2 upper voices

Sonata Da camara, Sonata da chresa.

Sonata de Camera

"sonata of the chamber"

features dance suites

Sonata da Chiesa

"sonata of the church" features a slow movement and at least one additional imitative movement.

Concertino

Group of soloists within the concerto grosso

Ripieno

Large ensemble within the concerto grosso

Toccata

work for keyboard that is freely  constructed.

J.S. Bach

1685-1750

Local musician, lived and worked in germany. Awesome organist. Married twice, had over 20 kids.

Born in Eisenach.

1703-1717 worked as an organst in Arnstadt.

Cothen 1717-23

Prince Leopold, wrote brandenberg concertos

Barbra dies, marrys magdalena in 1721.

Spent the rest of his life in Liepzig as a cantor. Attempted to get better work, but to no avail.

Goldberg Variations

30 variations for harpsichord in 1741.

Mass in B moll

Written in 1749, perse (kyrie and gloria written in 33 for dresden)

Glenn Gould

Ballin classical pianist. Performed the goldberg variations like a boss.

Domenico Scarlatti

1685-1757

harpisochord virtuoso, has classical influence in his music.

Vivaldi

Baroque composer and virtuoso violinist. 1678-1741.

Coronation Anthem

Composed by Handel, from texts from the King James bible. Played at the coronation of a british monach.

Zodack the Priest.

Comedie-ballet

mix of spoken drama and dance

Ballad Opera

opera popular in england that featured a mixture of contemperary songs mixed with dialogue. 

The London Bach

Johann Christian , "the London Bach" (1735–82)

Polychordal motet

motet with many chords?

Air

secular song. Voice and lute, usually

Pieces de Clavecin

Pièces de Clavecin, Opus I (1751)

Choral prelude

composition for organ using a choral tune as its basis