Term
Farming Practices:
what are "methane digesters"? |
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Definition
*anerobic manure digesters
*collect manure and convert the energy stored in its organic matter into methane, which is used to produce energy
*anerobic digestion - a biochemical process in which organic matter is decomposed by bacteria in the absence of oxygen |
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Term
Fishing Practices:
Dredging |
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Definition
*a heavy frame dragged with an attached mesh bag along the seafloor to catch bottom-dwelling shellfish
*some have metal "teeth" along base of frame, acts as rake
*catch scallops, clams, oysters, and other shellfish
*habitat damage, smooth out habitats via removal or smother variety of animal and plant life
*unintentional bycatch unlikely to survive the weight of the bag |
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Term
Fishing Practices:
Gillnetting |
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Definition
*a curtain of netting that hangs in the water at various depths, suspended by a system of floats and weights, or anchors
*spaces in net are large enough for a fish head to pass through, but not its body, and gills become entangled in the net
*size determines type of fish it will catch
*entangle large #'s of marine mammals and sea turtles in addition to other marine life = significant bycatch
*habitat damage when gillnets anchored to the seafloor are hauled in and become tangled in structures like coral and rocky bottoms
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Term
| How does methane gas hurt the planet? |
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Definition
*One of the largest contributors to climate change
*20x stronger at trapping green house gasses than CO2 |
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Term
| What are the most common causes of methane gas? |
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Definition
1st - Landfills
2nd - Raising livestock |
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Term
| What are the best ways to curb green house gasses? |
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Definition
*create more forests and grasslands
*encourage biodiversity
**farmers do this by allowing cattle to eat wild and natural grass diets -- spreads grasses over larger areas -- not creating "dead zones" |
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Term
| What is the name given to "the use of methane to create energy" and how does this method function? |
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Definition
*"methane digesters" or anaerobic manure digesters
*convert the stored energy in the organic matter (contained within manure) to methane during bacteria decomposition |
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Term
Partnerships:
Seafood Watch |
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Definition
*A program of Monterey Bay Aquarium designed to raise consumer awareness about the importance of buying seafood from sustainable sources. We recommend which seafood to buy or avoid,helping consumers to become advocates for environmentally friendly seafood.
*We're also partners of the Seafood Choices Alliance where, along with other seafood awareness campaigns, we provide seafood purveyors with recommendations on seafood choices. |
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Term
Partnerships:
Benefit Corporation (B Corp)
*What are Certified B Corporations?
*Why do B Corps matter? |
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Definition
*a new type of corporation which uses the power of business to solve social and environmental problems by:
**meeting comprehensive and transparent social and environmental performance stds.
**meet higher legal accountability stds.
**build business constituency for good business
*current corporate law makes it difficult for businesses to take Team Member, community, and environmental interests into consideration when making decisions
*the lack of transparent stds makes it difficult to tell the difference b/w a 'good company' and just good marketing
*B Corp legal structure expands corporate accountability so they are required to make decisions that are good for society, not just their shareholders |
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Term
Partnerships:
What certifications and partnerships will BI have? |
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Definition
1) Green Restaurant Group (GRA)
2) Benefit Corporations (B Corps) |
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Term
Partnerships:
What does being a "Certified Green Restaurant" by the GRA mean? |
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Definition
*not just sustainable food, but sustainable operations -- lightest footprint possible
*GRA helps restaurants and its customers become more environmentally sustainable in ways that are convenient and cost-effective via:
1) Research
2) Environmental Consulting
3) Education
4) Public Relations & Marketing
5) Community Organizing & Consumer Activism |
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Term
Partnerships:
What are the GRA's (5) Components? |
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Definition
*GRA helps restaurants and its customers become more environmentally sustainable in ways that are convenient and cost-effective via:
1) Research - has world's largest database of environmental solutions for the restaurant industry; acts as a bridge b/w restaurants and environmentally products and services
2) Environmental Consulting - consultants help restaurants proceed through GRA's Environmental Guidelines, making purchase of these products and services easily and rewarding and produces cost-benefit analyses demonstrative of
3) Education - publishes books and newsletters to educate consumers and restaurateurs about this industry's environmental impact and solutions
4) Public Relations & Marketing - serve as models for other businesses; hosts evens and gains media exposure, improves consumer demand and sales for Certified Green Restaurants
5) Community Organizing & Consumer Activism - the Green Consumer Union (GCU) founded by the GRA, exists to inform people of the power have every day ; voting with purchases, supporting products and companies; organize consumer power in fun and easy ways |
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Term
Fishing Practices:
Harpooning |
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Definition
*a traditional method for catching large fish -- still used by skilled fishermen
*spot a fish, lunges or shoots a long aluminium or wooden harpoon into the animal and hauls it aboard
*used on large ocean swimmers; e.g., tuna and swordfish
*responsible fishing method |
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Term
Fishing Practices:
Hook and Lining |
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Definition
*use pole and line with one to several hooks with artificial lures or bait. catch is hauled in manually or with a mechanized reel
*used on a variety of fish from open ocean swimmers like tuna and mahi mahi, to bottom dwellers like cod
*an environmentally responsible method |
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Term
Fishing Practices:
Longlining |
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Definition
*attracts fish with a central fishing line that ranges from 1-50 mi.-long
*central line strung with smaller lines of baited hooks, dangle at spaced intervals
*line left to soak, then return to haul in catch
2 Types: Pelagic (hang near sea surface) and Demersal (float just off the seafloor)
*attract a variety of open ocean swimmers; lots of bycatch, including seabirds diving for bait and become ensnared
*new steps to avoid bycatch include:sinking lines deeper, use of "circle" hooks to ease release and survivability of unwanted species, and deployment of lines from chutes to reduce bird interactions |
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Term
Fishing Practices:
Purse Seining |
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Definition
*a wall of netting that encircles a school of fish, then pull the bottom closed
*haul net aboard or bring alongside boat to scoop of the fish with smaller nets
*used on schools of fish and fish that gather to spawn, like squid. Canned tuna fish most popular
*large amts of bycatch
*public outcry over deaths of hundreds of thousands of dolphins resulted in innovations to release dolphins alive, but dolphin pop yet to recover
**stress of chase and frequent capture |
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Term
Fishing Practices:
Traps and Pots |
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Definition
*submerged wire or wood cages that attract fish and hold them alive until fishermen return to haul gear, can be baited
*lie on the bottom solo or in a row, attached to buoy on the surface
*lobsters, crabs, shrimp, sablefish, Pacific rockfish
*most are responsible, but some damage seafloor habitats when gear bounced around, or when a row is dragged in along seafloor bottom
*marine mammals can become entangled in the lines connecting the traps to the buoys |
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Term
Fishing Practices:
Trawling/Dragging |
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Definition
*boat tows cone-shaped net behind boat; varying depths possible
*can add chains around net mouth to stir up fish from ocean floor; add heavy tires to help roll over rough/rocky seafloor w/o getting snagged
*catch everything in their path = high bycatch
*can add bycatch reduction devices to the nets -- turtle excluder devices, allow turtles and unwanted fish to escape
*dragging nets along bottom can damage or destroy fish habitat |
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Term
Fishing Practices:
Trolling |
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Definition
*hook-and-line method that tows fishing lines behind or alongside a boat
*environmentally responsible |
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Term
Fish Farming Practices:
Why are shrimp farms a bad choice? |
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Definition
*in tropical nations, coastal forest mangroves once sheltered wild fish and shrimp which local people caught to feed their families
*mangroves also filter water and protect the coast from storm waves
*shrimp farmers cut down the mangrove forests for their farms -- after a few years waste products build up in the farm ponds and farmers have to move on
*local people left with no shrimp farms and no mangrove forest |
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Term
Fish Farming Practices:
What are some good alternative farmed fish choices? |
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Definition
*Tilapia - plant-eating fish, easy to raise and produces protein w/o using wild fish as feed
*Catfish and Trout - alternatives to ocean-farmed shrimp and salmon |
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Term
Fish Farming Practices:
Why are farmed fish from Net-pens not a good option? |
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Definition
*like a cattle feed lot with large pop in small area
*produce tons of feces, pollutes water
*diseases can spread from crowded fish pens to wild fish
*antibiotics and other drugs used to control disease leak into environment, create drug-resistant organisms
*escaped fish take over habitat from wild fish |
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Term
Fish Farming Practices:
Why are farm-raise oysters, clams, and mussels a good choice? |
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Definition
*filter excess plankton from water
*need non-polluted water when farmed for human consumption, so farms initiate efforts to keep coastal waters clean
*clams raised in special beds on sandy shores where harvest does little to disturb the ecosystem
*oysters and mussels are often raised in bags or cages suspended off the seafloor doing little damage during harvest |
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