Term
| Why is the worldwide consumption of pork growing so rapidly? |
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Definition
increase in population
growing economies of developing countries |
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Term
| What country is the #1 exporter of live swine? |
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Definition
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Term
| Aside from food, what are pigs also used for? |
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Definition
models for human medical research
sources for human organ transplant
pets |
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Term
| What are the major phases of production? |
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Definition
Breeding
Gestation
Farrowing
Nursery
Finishing |
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Term
| At what age are piglets weaned? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does a farrowing crate work? |
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Definition
-slows down the descent of the sow
-reduces death due to crushing |
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Term
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Definition
| new pigs are constantly arriving in a room/barn, so it is never fully empty |
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Term
| At what age & weight do pigs enter the nursery? Low long do they stay there? What age & weight are they when they leave? |
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Definition
Arrival: 3wks, 5kg
Duration: 10wks
Move out: 10wks, 25kg |
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Term
| How low long do pigs remain in the finishing barn? What weight & age are they when they leave? |
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Definition
Duration: 100-120 days
Weight: 110kg (market weight)
Age: 6 months old |
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Term
| Describe the general flow of pigs from barn to barn |
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Definition
Breeding
Gestation
Farrowing
Nursery
Finishing
*sows will cycle between breeding, gestation & farrowing |
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Term
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Definition
| steps taken to prevent entry of disease agents into the farm |
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Term
What are the most common source of disease?
What can be done to reduce the risk? (6) |
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Definition
new pigs arriving in a herd
-buy from 1 source with known health status
-buy from herd with good biosecurity
-quarantine new pigs for at least 60 days, -test new pigs for disease, vaccinate, expose to sentinel pigs
-reduce # of pigs brought into herd (reduce culls)
-build new barns 3km away from other herds |
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Term
| How can movement of people on a farm be manageed? |
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Definition
signage for access zones
Controlled Access Zone
-includes farm yard, buildings, driveway
-limited access
Restricted Access Zone
-where pigs are housed
-defined entry protocol |
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Term
| What can be done to ensure people entering barns don't bring diseases? |
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Definition
-restrict access with signs, lock doors
-wash hands or shower
-change into barn boots & coveralls |
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Term
| What can be done to ensure vehicles entering the property don't bring diseases? |
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Definition
-ensure trucks that go to other farms are cleaned before returning in truck wash bays
-CAZ (don't allow vehicles near barn)
-have dead-stock pick up at end of lane |
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Term
| What are the key aspects of biosecurity? (5) |
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Definition
-new pigs
-people
-vehicles
-access zones
-other animals |
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Term
| Why, in general is biosecurity important? (4) |
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Definition
Diseases causes mortality & morbidity, reduces welfare, increases economic loss
Trade
Risk of FADs & emerging diseases
Industry interest in mortality insurance programs (need biosecurity to get coverage) |
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Term
| What are emerging diseases? |
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Definition
| new strains of existing diseases, or diseases that haven't been on the farm/region/country before |
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Term
| Why is biosecurity especially important in pigs? (5) |
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Definition
Industry structure
-multi site systems, lots of transport
Large populations of pigs in 1 airspace
Pigs go to market at 6 months, still naive & susceptible to diseases
Production Limiting Diseases
-PRRS, circovirus
Emerging Diseases
-PRRS, circovirus, swine dysentry |
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Term
| What are the fixed costs of production? Variable? |
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Definition
barn
labour
utilities
equipment
feed costs - fluctuates with price of grain & number of pigs |
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Term
| Why does the price of a market pig fluctuate? |
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Definition
Supply & Demand
-export markets
-contracts
USD/CAD exchange rate |
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Term
ID this pig:
Red
Large frame
Droopy ears
Meat |
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Definition
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Term
ID this pig:
Erect ears
black body & white band
Meat growers
Why is it not as desireable? |
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Definition
Hampshire
-black hairs are hard to remove, consumers don't want that in their product |
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Term
| Why are Duroc, Hampshire & Yorkshire used as meat pigs? |
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Definition
good meat quality
good feed conversion
good growth rate |
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Term
ID this pig
large litter size
good milk production
rapid growth rate
mothering instinct |
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Definition
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Term
| What breed of pig is primarily used for milking |
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Definition
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Term
ID this pig
white
erect ears
high meat yield |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the breeding phase of production |
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Definition
-sows in individual stalls or group pens until confirmed regnant
-boars in individual stalls or pens
-AI or natural 1 boar:20 sows
-115 day gestation |
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Term
| How long is the gestation period in pigs? |
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Definition
115 days
(3 days, 3 weeks & 3 months) |
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Term
| How are pigs marketed? (3 points) |
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Definition
-through marketing boards (but not mandatory)
-bonus for lean, well muscled pigs
-105-115kg live weight |
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Term
| How many hogs are marketed per year in Ontario? |
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Definition
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