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Synthesis of DNA
Biochem Lect. 2
24
Biochemistry
Graduate
10/28/2011

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Term
DNA Synthesis occurs during what phase of Mitosis?
Definition
S phase
Term
DNA Polymerase copies template in what direction? Synthesizes new strand in what direction?
Definition
3' to 5', 5' to 3'
Term
Helicases do what?
Definition
Unwind the Helix ahead of the replication fork.
Term
Single strand binding proteins do what?
Definition
Hold the DNA in single strand conformation.
Term
Topoisomerases do what?
Definition
Prevent extreme supercoiling of the parental helix. Break and rejoin DNA chains.
Term
Prokaryotic DNA Polyermases?
Definition
Pol 1 2 and 3. Pol 1 involved in repair, Pol 3 replicative enzyme.
Term
Eukaryotic DNA polymerases?
Definition
alpha, beta, gamma and delta
alpha - replication
Term
DNA polymerase requires a ?
And adds what to that?
Definition
RNA primer. Catalyzed by a primer.
Adds deoxyribonucleotides to 3'OH of RNA primers/end of growing DNA strand.
Term
DNA gyrase - only in? is? and does what?
Definition
Prokaryotes, Topoisomerase, unwinds 1 coil and reforms with phosophodiester bond.
Term
Leading strand
Definition
formed by continuously copying the parent strand 3' to 5' toward the replication fork. (Pol 3)
Term
Lagging strand (Okazaki Fragment)
Definition
discontinuous copying 3' to 5' away from the replication fork.
Term
RNase H does?
Definition
removes the RNA primer from the lagging strand.
Term
What are the gaps in the OK fragments filled with?
Definition
DNA polmerase (Pol 1)
Term
What are the OK fragments joined with?
Definition
Polynucleotide ligase. Catalyses formation of phosphodiester bonds.
Term
DNA polymerase has what kind of proofreading function?
Definition
3' to 5' exonuclease activity. (Pol 3)
Term
Pol 1 has what function and what proofreading activity?
Definition
Fills gap after RNA primer removal. DNA repair (5' to 3' and 3' to 5')
Term
Pol 2 does what and has what kind of proofreading activity?
Definition
DNA repair and 3' to 5'
Term
Norfloxacins inhibit what in, in what kind of cell?
Definition
Inhibit DNA gyrase in bacterial cells.
Term
RNA primase =? bp
DNA polymerase alpha = ?bp
DNA polymerase delta = ? bp
Definition
10
20
200
Term
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen participates in what?
Definition
organizing replication and is used as a proliferating cell marker.
Term
What does Telomerase make to protect against nuclease digestion?
Definition
Hairpin! (folds back and binds to itself in Non- watson and crick manor)
Term
What function does Telomerase have?
Definition
Reverse transcriptase
Term
DNA repair system (4 steps!)
Definition
1. recognize deformity in DNA
2. generate gap in DNA
3. fill gap with DNA polymerase
4. Ligate the nick.
Term
Retrovirus contain what as genetic material?
Definition
RNA and use it to synthesis DNA by reverse transcriptase.
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