Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-a1c-about 5
-FPG-less than 99
-OGTT-less than 139 |
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Term
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Definition
-a1c-5.7-6.4
-FPG-100-125
-OGTT-140-199 |
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Term
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Definition
-a1c-over 6.5
-FPG-over 126
-OGGT-over 200 |
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Term
|
Definition
-dyslipidemia
-central obesity
-HTN
-elevated FPG |
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Term
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Definition
-a1c-less than 7
-preprandial glucose-70-130
-postprandial glucose-less than 180 |
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Term
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Definition
-Humulin, Novolin, Innolet
-added zinc ions
-takes 30 min to reach blood
-bolus |
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Term
|
Definition
-Humalog
-mins before meal
-bolus |
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Term
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Definition
-Novolog, Novorapid
-mins before meal
-bolus |
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Term
|
Definition
-Apridra
-mins before meal
-bolus |
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Term
|
Definition
-Humulin N, Novolin N
-basal
-regular insulin with zinc/protamine
-inc risk of hypoglycemia esp during sleep |
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Term
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Definition
-Lantus
-raises pKa from acidic to neutral (dec solubility and slows absorption)
-lower risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia |
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Term
|
Definition
-Levemir
-basal
-fatty acid added to side chain
-lower risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-a-glucosidase inhibitors
-reduces conversion of carbs to glucose
-only effective when taken with meals
-high GI SEs |
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Term
| glipizide, glyburide, glimepiride |
|
Definition
-sulfonylureas
-tx T2DM
-inhibit K/ATP channel
-QD-BID
-safe effective cheap |
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Term
|
Definition
-meglitinides
-tx T2DM
-BID-QID
-bind diff site of K/ATP channel |
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Term
|
Definition
-biguanide
-tx T2DM and T1DM(off label)
-SE mild GI, lactic acidosis(BBW)
-NO HYPOGLYCEMIA
-qd-TID |
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Term
| metformin actions/effects |
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Definition
-dec hepatic glucose production by activating AMPK
-improves glucose uptake in peripheral tissues
-inc activity of the insulin receptor
-low serum lipids
-dec wt |
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Term
|
Definition
-amylin analogue
-tx T1DM and T2DM (adjunct)
-SE-nausea
-SQ before meals |
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Term
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Definition
-Byetta (BID), Bydureon (qwk)
-GLP-1 analogue (glucose dep manner)
-tx T2DM, T1DM (off label)
-SE nausea, BBW thyroid c tumor in rats, acute pancreatitis
-little/no hypoglycemia
-SQ |
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Term
|
Definition
-Victoza
-tx T2DM
-GLP-1 analogue (gluc dep manner)
-SE-nausea, BBW thyroid c-cell tumor in rats, acute pancreatitis
-SQ daily |
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Term
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Definition
-Januvia
-tx T2DM and T1DM (off label)
-DPP-4 inhibitor (gluc dep manner)
-SE upper resp infection, nasopharyngitis, mild inc SrCr
-NO HYPOGLYCEMIA
-PO daily |
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Term
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Definition
-Onglyza
-tx T2DM, T1DM (off label)
-DPP-4 inhibitor (gluc dep manner)
-SE upper resp infection, nasopharyngitis, mild in SrCr
-active metabolite
-PO daily |
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Term
|
Definition
-activate PPARy
-promote fatty acid uptake and storage in adipose tissue
-enables other tissues to be more sensitive to insulin
-may also activate AMPK
-some anti-inflammatory properties |
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Term
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Definition
-tx T2DM
-SE MI
-only used in pts who remain hyperglycemic |
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Term
|
Definition
-Actos
-tx T2DM
-SE risk of bone fractures, wt gain, edema, HF (BBW) |
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