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Taxa Test 2
Taxa Test
38
Aviation
Kindergarten
03/15/2015

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Term
Characiformes - African Characins
Some fin-biters and piscivores, but most are smallish bottom-oriented herbivores and invertivores from Africa
Definition
African characins and tetras/Kafue pike/tigerfish
Term
Characiformes – Characidae
South and Central American freshwater mostly riverine fishes with widely varied but sometimes dangerously carnivorous diets
Definition
Characins/tetras/piranhas/hatchet fishes/pike characins
Term
Siluriformes
Speciose group having complex Weberian apparatus and fear scent, but also 1-4 pairs of barbels; 1 on maxilla; often scaleless or plated, with adipose fin, lockable dorsal/pectoral spines, solid and flattened cranium, intramuscular bones lacking, small teeth only on premaxilla and vomer, non-protrusible mouths.
Definition
Catfishes
Term
Ictaluridae
North American freshwater species with flattened head and 8 barbels; 2 on snout, 2 on maxillae, 4 on chin, mostly are dark, all are scaleless.
Definition
North American catfishes/madtoms/cave catfishes
Term
Clariidae
African and southern Asian freshwater species with flattened heads bearing 4 pairs of long barbels, long dorsal and anal fins, modified gill structures for air-breathing (labyrinth or suprabranchial organ) in oxygen-poor waters, and often lacking adipose fins
Definition
South American/African/Eurasian air-breathing or labyrinthine catfishes
Term
Eurasian/African catfishes/begrids/sheathfishes
Eastern hemisphere catfishes with long anal fin, short or absent dorsal fin, absent adipose fin, compressed trunks, weak spines and large eyes
Definition
Eurasian/African Catfishes
Term
South American Catfishes
Diverse South American catfishes, some armored, some plated, some with stout pectoral spines, some with 6 very long barbels, some with vascularized hind guts
Definition
South American/velvet/armored/thorny/spiny dwarf/long-whiskered catfishes
Term
Loricariidae
South American armored catfishes with sucker-like mouths used for algae or wood feeding, many of with use their guts to respire
Definition
Suckermouth armored/stick/bristlenose catfish
Term
Trichomycteridae
Small, thin catfishes with small eyes, no adipose fin, and parasitic habits (urea following, gill filament and scale “snatching”) can cause human discomfort
Definition
Pencil Catfishes
Term
Marine Catfishes
Mostly marine warm-water schooling catfishes that vibrate their swim bladder and click their pectoral spines
Definition
Sea/eeltail/gafftopsail catfishes
Term
Gymnotiformes
South American freshwater fishers that all have large electric organs, eel-like bodies with reduced viscera, long anal fins, absent pelvic fins, small or absent caudal, pectoral, dorsal and small gills and gill openings
Definition
Electric & knife eels/knifefishes/sand knifefishes
Term
Argentiniformes
Are deep sea, silvery, or black smelt-like fishes with large or tubular eyes and epibranchial organs, may lack adipose fins, a few have photopores
Definition
Deep-sea smelts/barreleyes/spookfishes
Term
Salmoniformes
Northern Fishes with adipose fins and anadromous habits, lacking radii on their scales
Definition
Salmoniform Fishes
Term
Osmeroidei
Small smelt-like fishes from the northern and southern hemispheres and south Asia
Definition
Northern smelts/noodlefishes/icefishes/southern smelts
Term
Osmeroidei - Northern Smelts
Silvery northern hemisphere smelts, small but carnivorous, with small teeth on maxilla and premaxilla, adipose fin, axillary process absent, 0-11 pyloric cecae, and cucumber odor
Definition
Northern/True smelts
Term
Osmeroidei – Noodlefishes
Small, elongate, scaleless, nearly transparent, flabby, lack ossification, and may be neotinic
Definition
Noodlefishes/icefishes
Term
Osmeroidei - Southern Smelts
Small, elongate, scaleless trout-like species from Australia/new Zealand that lack adipose fins and maxillary teeth, and have rearward dorsal fins above the anal fins, rounded caudal fins, large pectorals, and small or absent pelvics
Definition
Southern hemisphere smelts/galaxids/salamanderfish
Term
Salmonoidei
Often-anadromous fish with streamlined body, forked tails, cycloid scales, relatively large eggs, adipose fins, axillary process, and numerous pyloric cecae
Definition
Salmon/trout/whitefish/grayling
Term
Esociformes
Northern hemisphere lie-in-wait predators with rearward opposed dorsal and anal fins, lack adipose fins, maxillary teeth, mesocoracoid bone, and pyloric cecae
Definition
Pikes/Muskie/mud minnows/blackfish
Term
Stenopterygii – Gonostomatidae
Abundant, small toothsome deep-sea predators with photopores and large mouths capable of capturing both large and small prey
Definition
Bristlemouths
Term
Stenopterygii – Sternoptychidae
Hatchet shaped, deep, very compressed bodies with a dorsal “blade”, silvery, numerous photopores, upward pointing eyes and mouth
Definition
Marine Hatchet fishes
Term
Stenopterygii – Stomiidae
Dark deep-sea toothy predators with chin barbels having luminescent lure ends, huge mouths on ”hinged” jaws
Definition
Dragonfishes/viperfish
Term
Cyclosquamata
Diverse group of mostly deep-sea predatory aulopiform fishes grouped together by the unique structure of their gill arches and their toothiness
Definition
Circle-scales/barracudina/spiderfish/lizardfish/sabertooth fishes/pearleyes/lancetfishes/greeneyes/grideyes
Term
Scopelomorpha – Myctophiformes
Definition
Lanternfishes
Term
Lampridiomorpha
Diverse group of often brightly colored pelagic deep-water species with highly protrusible mouths and elongate dorsal fins
Definition
Opah/tube eyes/crestfish/tibbonfish/oarfish
Term
Polymixiomorpha
Benthic tropical marine species with large eyes, long hyoid barbels that dangle from chin, well-spined fins, and two sets of intramuscular bones
Definition
Beardfishes
Term
Paracanthopterygii
Definition
Percopsids/ophidiids/gadids/batracoidids/lophiids
Term
Percopsiformes
Definition
Trout & pirate perches/cavefish
Term
Ophidiiformes
Definition
Brotulas/cuskeels/pearlfish
Term
Gadiformes – Macrouridae
Benthic deep-water marine fishes with large heads long tapering bodies, continuous dorsal and anal fins, sharply pointed caudal fins
Definition
Grenadiers/rattails
Term
Gadiformes – Moridae
Resemble hakes, but have pointed snouts that are flat over the mouth and inner ears connected to the swim bladder.
Definition
Flatnose Cods
Term
Gadiformes – Merlucciidae
Benthic marine fishes with one or two dorsal fins no chin barbell, and first dorsal fin ray hardened into a spine
Definition
Hakes
Term
Gadiformes – Gadidae
Marine bottom dwellers with dorsal fin divided into two or three, caudal fin separate, chin barbell; important commercial fish
Definition
True cod/haddock/Pollock/burbot
Term
Batrachoidiformes
Noisy, scaleless, flat-headed, squat bodied, large-mouthed, shallow marine species with protruding dorsally located eyes and jugular pelvic fins
Definition
Toadfishes/midshipmen
Term
Lophiiformes
Ribless, large mouthed, large headed, often scaleless, usually benthic or deep-sea marine species; pelvic fins are jugular or absent, possess illicium and esca, males are parasitic on females
Definition
Anglerfishes/goosefishes/frogfishes/handfishes/batfishes/devils
Term
Mugilomorpha
Possess small streamlined bodies, forked tails, hard-angled mouths, large scales, subabdominal pelvic fins, two widely-separated dorsal fins the first of which contains just four spines; feed by scooping sediment, sorting it through fine gill rakers, grinding it in a gizzard-like stomach, and digesting it in an extremely long intestine. Makes for a nice hairstyle!
Definition
Mullets
Term
Atherinomorpha
Definition
Medakas/ricefishes/flying fishes/halfbeaks/needlefishes/sauries
Term
Atheriniformes
Elongate slender silver bodies, terminal mouths, large eyes, two dorsal fins each lead by a weak spine or spines, possess weak or absent lateral lines, deciduous cycloid scales, abdominal pelvic fins, large scales; some Australian freshwater species are brightly colored; some “phallus fishes” have priapium on male throats for holding females.
Definition
Silversides/rainbow fishes/blueeyes/surf sardines/phallostethids
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