Term
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Definition
| Any manipulation that occurs between two regeneration periods. |
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Term
| Goals of Intermediate Treatment |
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Definition
1. Improve stand composition
2. Decrease stand density
3. Improve individual stem quality
4. Improve individual stem growth
5. Capture mortality |
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Term
| Types of Intermediate treatments |
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Definition
A. Release treatments - weeding, cleaning, liberation
B. Thinning
C. Pruning
D. Salvage and sanitation |
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Term
| Cutting (Remove Competition) |
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Definition
- effective with softwoods
- most effective at peak of new foliage
- least effective when plant is dormant |
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Term
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Definition
| - same effect as cutting = starve the roots |
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Term
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Definition
girdles some
- can be highly selective or broad spectrum
- can burn trunk, roots, topsoil
- can scorch or burn tops |
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Term
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Definition
some can translocate to kill roots
- can be highly selective
a. choice of agent
b. application rate
c. technique
- fast
- economical
- safe |
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Term
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Definition
| the act of freeing a young stand of desirable trees, not past the sapling stage, from the competition of undesirable trees or other plants that threaten to suppress them. |
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Term
| Release Cutting Characterisitcs |
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Definition
a. involves investment of $ +/or time
b. implies uncovering desirable trees by removing overtopping trees
c. may be done uniformly, as crop tree release, or by patches
d. are especially important to affect composition |
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Term
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Definition
Release Cutting
a cutting made in a stand not past the sapling stage to free the best trees from undesirable individuals of the same age which overtop them or threaten to do so. |
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Term
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Definition
Release Cutting
the removal of all plants competing with the crop species, regardless of whether their crowns are above, beside, or below those of desirable species (used where individual trees have high value). |
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Term
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Definition
Release Cutting
cuttings made to free a young stand, not past the sapling stage, from the competition of older, over-topping individuals. |
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Term
| Considerations in cleanings and weedings |
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Definition
| are the composition and spacing called for in the stand prescription |
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Term
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Definition
| cuttings made in immature stands past the sapling stage in order to stimulate growth of the trees that remain and to increase the total yield of useful material from the stand. |
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Term
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Definition
a. should be confined to use where cutting of the desired species is done
b. where species composition is deliberately changed, the treatment is one of the other intermediate cuts
c. in mixed, even-aged stands, thinning favors quality, individual trees regardless of species |
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Term
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Definition
1. Salvage and use material that would be lost to natural mortality
2. Distribute growth on fewer, larger, better quality stems
3. Higher value product
4. Shorten rotation
5. Chance for earlier return on invested capital
6. Manager picks survivors - not nature
7. Final volume can equal but not exceed that of unthinned stands
8. Regeneration is not goal of thinning - it may even be a negative result when it does occur |
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Term
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Definition
1. Roots expand outward faster than branches; they don't support themselves root grafts allow some trees to capture additional surface area.
2. Takes time for crowns to expand.
3. L.C.R. less than 30% = poor risk.
4. Accelerates dbh growth - very rapid acceleration probably means thinning
was delayed too long.
5. Thinning can increase taper (decrease G.F.C.) by exposing tree to wind.
6. No change in wood quality except a sudden diameter growth acceleration can
cause ring shake. Douglas fir plywood breaks up if < 10 rings/inch.
8. May halt natural pruning - may lead to epicormic branches. |
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Term
| Dominant or Selection Thinning |
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Definition
1. Maximum financial return
2. Can remove the fastest growing trees so must be used with caution
3. Variations:
a. remove poorly formed dominants
b. low thin to develop stand then use selection thinning to release co-dominants
c. let dominants become merchantable, take them and let lower classes develop - best in tolerant species |
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Term
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Definition
| cuttings made in stands past the sapling stage for the purpose of improving composition and quality by removing trees of undesirable species, form, or condition from the main crown canopy. |
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Term
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Definition
| removing the branches from the bole of a tree at an early age in order to have knot-free wood laid down on the bole. natural pruning requires close spacing and long rotations (slow growth). the most expensive intermediate treatment when figured per tree but often gives a 20% annual return on investment. |
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Term
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Definition
Salvage cuttings: cuttings made for the primary purpose of removing trees that have been killed or are in imminent danger of being killed or damaged by injurious agents other than competition.
usually done to obtain a financial return before the value is lost or to
lessen a fire hazard
Presalvage: removing highly vulnerable trees in anticipation of damage |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of insect-attacked or diseased trees to maintain the health of the stand usually done to reduce the spread of damaging agents often involve removal of unmerchantable as well as merchantable material often necessary to destroy or totally remove slash as well as the merchantable bole |
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