Term
| During what weeks of pregnancy is the baby most susceptible to teratogens? |
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Definition
| weeks 3-8 (embryonic period-organogenesis) |
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Term
| Teratogenic effect of ACE inhibitors |
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Definition
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Term
| Teratogenic effect of Alkylating agents |
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Definition
Absence of digits, multiple anomalies
Alkylating agents are a class of chemotherapy drugs that bind to DNA and prevent proper DNA replication |
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Term
| Teratogenic effect of Aminoglycosides |
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Definition
CN VIII toxicity (deaf)
Aminoglycosides are antibiotics that end in -mycin |
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Term
| Teratogenic effect of Carbamazepine |
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Definition
| Neural tube defects, craniofacial defects, fingernail hypoplasia, developmental delay, IUGR (Intra-uterine growth restriction: really low birth weight) |
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Term
| Teratogenic effect of Diethylstilbestrol (DES) |
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Definition
| Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma |
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Term
| Teratogenic effect of Folate antagonists |
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Definition
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Term
| Teratogenic effect of Lithium |
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Definition
| Ebstein's anomaly (atrialized right ventricle: big right atrium, small right ventricle) |
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Term
| Teratogenic effect of Phenytoin |
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Definition
Fetal hydantoin syndrome: microcephaly, dysmorphic craniofacial features, hypoplastic nails and distal phalanges, cardiac defects, IUGR (Intra-uterine growth restriction), mental retardation
Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant |
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Term
| Teratogenic effect of Tetracyclines |
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Definition
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Term
| Teratogenic effect of Thalidomide |
|
Definition
| Limb defects ("flipper" limbs) |
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Term
| Teratogenic effect of Valproate |
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Definition
Inhibition of maternal folate absorption-> neural tube defects
Valproate is an anticonvulsant AND is a mood stabilizer for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder |
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|
Term
| Teratogenic effect of Warfarin (4) |
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Definition
| Bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion, opthalmologic abnormalities |
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Term
| Teratogenic effect of Alcohol |
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Definition
| Leading cause of birth defects and mental retardation |
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Term
| Teratogenic effect of Cocaine (2) |
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Definition
| Abnormal fetal development and fetal addiction; placental abruption (placental lining separates from uterus of mother causing heavy bleeding) |
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Term
| Teratogenic effect of Smoking (3) |
|
Definition
| Preterm labor, placental problems, IUGR (intra-uterine growth restriction: really low birth weight), ADHD |
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Term
| Teratogenic effect of Iodide (lack or excess) |
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Definition
| Congenital goiter or hypothyroidism |
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Term
| Teratogenic effect of Maternal diabetes (3) |
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Definition
| Caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia to sirenomelia (aka Mermaid Syndrome= fused legs)), congenital heart defects, neural tube defects |
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Term
| Teratogenic effect of excess Vitamin A (3) |
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Definition
| High risk for spontaneous abortions and birth defects (cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities) |
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Term
| Teratogenic effect of X-rays |
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Definition
| Microcephaly, mental retardation |
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